Hexane-Soluble Fraction of the Common Fig, Ficus carica, Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages and RAW 264.7 Cells

Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone microarchitecture with an increased risk of fracture. Long-term use of primary treatments, such as bisphosphonates and selective estrogen receptor modulators, results in various side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative therapeutics derived from natural products. Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (CPB) is a dried fruit used to treat diet-induced indigestion, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. However, research into the effects of CPB on osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis is still limited. In vitro experiments were conducted to examine the effects of CPB on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, we investigated the effects of CPB on bone loss in the femoral head in an ovariectomized rat model using microcomputed tomography. In vitro, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining results showed the number of TRAP-positive cells, and TRAP activity significantly decreased following CPB treatment. CPB also significantly decreased pit formation. Furthermore, CPB inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NFATc1, and c-Fos expression. Moreover, CPB treatment inhibited osteoclast-related genes, such as Nfatc1, Ca2, Acp5, mmp9, CtsK, Oscar, and Atp6v0d2. In vivo, bone mineral density and structure model index were improved by administration of CPB. In conclusion, CPB prevented osteoclast differentiation in vitro and prevented bone loss in vivo. Therefore, CPB could be a potential alternative medicine for bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.

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Edgeworthia papyrifera Regulates Osteoblast and Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro and Exhibits Anti-osteoporosis Activity in Animal Models of Osteoporosis

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-0942-1960 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (09/10) ◽

pp. 766-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pansoo Kim ◽

Yeon-Ju Nam ◽

Woo Jung Kim ◽

Jin Kyu Kim ◽

Gyeongbeen Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Animal Models ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Interesting Candidate

AbstractOsteoporosis is a clinical condition characterized by low bone strength that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis involve inhibition of bone resorption by osteoclasts and an increase of bone formation by osteoblasts. Here, we identified the extract derived from the stem part of Edgeworthia papyrifera that enhanced differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells to osteoblast-like cells and inhibited osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. In support of our observation, rutin and daphnoretin, which were previously reported to inhibit osteoclast differentiation, were identified in E. papyrifera extract. In an animal model of osteoporosis, the ovariectomy-induced increases in bone resorption biomarkers such as pyridinoline and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were significantly reduced by E. papyrifera extract administration at 25.6 and 48.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the ovariectomy-induced bone loss in animal models of osteoporosis was significantly prevented by the administration of E. papyrifera in our study. Taking these observations into account, we suggest that E. papyrifera is an interesting candidate for further exploration as an anti-osteoporotic agent.

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Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in the common fig (Ficus carica L.) and representative species of the genus Ficus

Molecular Ecology Notes ◽

10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00072.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 191-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

B. Khadari ◽

I. Hochu ◽

S. Santoni ◽

F. Kjellberg

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Common Fig ◽

Representative Species ◽

The Common ◽

Identification And Characterization

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Ficus carica (common fig).

10.1079/isc.24078.20203483376 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marianne Jennifer Datiles

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plant ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Western United States ◽

Common Fig ◽

The Usa ◽

The Common ◽

Noxious Weed ◽

Environmental Weed ◽

Trees And Shrubs

Abstract Ficus carica, the common fig, is a rapidly growing tree that can spread by both seeds and cuttings, and if left unattended will form dense thickets that displace native trees and shrubs (Weber, 2003). It is known to be invasive to Australia and the western United States (Weber, 2003) since the introduction of its pollinator wasp to the USA in 1900 (Hanelt et al., 2001); in California's wildland, it is reportedly threatening the state's increasingly rare riparian forests (California Invasive Plant Council, 2014). The species is listed as "casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed" in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012), but is not listed in the Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm, 1979) and is currently considered a low-risk species according to a risk assessment of the species prepared for Hawaii (PIER, 2014). Re-evaluation is recommended in the future.

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BREEDING SYSTEM IN FICUS CARICA, THE COMMON FIG. II. POLLINATION EVENTS

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/j.1537-2197.1988.tb11272.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 75 (12) ◽

pp. 1913-1922 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. G. Beck ◽

E. M. Lord

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Common Fig ◽

The Common

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Local concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor mediate osteoclastic differentiation

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.e1024 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 269 (6) ◽

pp. E1024-E1030 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. L. Perkins ◽

S. J. Kling

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Osteoclast Formation ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Nonspecific Esterase ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Murine Bone Marrow ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Stimulating Factor

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is essential for differentiation of osteoclasts and macrophages from a common bone marrow precursor. Using ST-2 stromal cell/murine bone marrow coculture, we studied the effects of increasing amounts of M-CSF on differentiation of macrophages and osteoclasts. Addition of exogenous M-CSF caused a dose-dependent 98% decrease in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells, accompanied by a 2.5-fold increase in nonspecific esterase-staining macrophages. Similar decrease in osteoclastic functional activity, including 125I-labeled calcitonin binding and calcitonin-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production, were observed. Addition of exogenous M-CSF beyond 6 days in coculture had a decreasing ability to inhibit osteoclast formation, suggesting that M-CSF exerts its effects early in osteoclast differentiation, during the proposed proliferative phase of osteoclast formation. Similarly, early addition of neutralizing anti-M-CSF inhibited osteoclast formation, with diminishing effects beyond day 9. These results suggest that local high concentrations of M-CSF may influence the early determination of terminal differentiation into either macrophages or osteoclasts.

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