scholarly journals Access to Improved Sanitation in Informal Settlements: The Case of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Elisha Kasala ◽  
Marco Mathias Burra ◽  
Tumpale Sakijege Mwankenja
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City

Impact of formalisation of property rights in informal settlements: Evidence from Dar es Salaam city

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Parsa ◽  
Fahad Nakendo ◽  
William J. McCluskey ◽  
Mark W. Page
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City

scholarly journals Beyond ‘improved’ towards ‘safe and sustainable’ urban sanitation: assessing the design, management and functionality of sanitation in poor communities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Jenkins ◽  
O. Cumming ◽  
B. Scott ◽  
S. Cairncross
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Residential Properties ◽  
Improved Sanitation

This study assessed sanitation access in rapidly expanding informal settlements in Dar es Salaam (Dar) against eight proposed indicators of hygienic safety, sustainability and functionality, and in relation to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) ‘improved’ sanitation definition. Information was collected on toilet facility designs, management and functionality through a structured interview and observations at 662 randomly selected residential properties across 35 unplanned, low-income sub-wards of Dar. Trends in access and associations with sharing, occupancy, latrine replacement, income, education and location factors were considered through statistical analyses. Surveyed sub-wards were open-defecation free. While 56% of households used a facility that met the MDG improved technology definition, only 8% had a functional facility that could be considered as hygienically safe and sustainable sanitation. Safe, sustainable, functioning sanitation access was 2.6 times greater among the richest quintile than the two poorest quintiles. Very poor sanitation services among Dar's urban poor arise from widespread lack of access to hygienically safe pit emptying services, unhygienic designs and functionality problems (affecting 67, 55 and 29%, respectively). As new goals and targets beyond 2015 are discussed, these findings may have important implications for defining what constitutes ‘improved’ sanitation for poor populations living in unplanned informal settlements.

scholarly journals Determination of Levels of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Markets in Dar es Salaam by GC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. M. Mahugija ◽  
Farhat A. Khamis ◽  
Esther H. J. Lugwisha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Samples And Sampling ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City

This study investigated the levels of pesticides and metabolites in vegetables from major markets in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. Samples of fresh cabbage, spinach, and onions from the markets were analysed for pesticide residues. Extraction was performed using acetone followed by dichloromethane : cyclohexane mixture and the extracts were cleaned up using Florisil. The compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pesticides and metabolites were detected in 72.2% of the samples. The detected pesticide residues and their highest mean concentrations were p,p′-DDT 4.00 × 10−3 mg/kg, p,p′-DDD 6.40 × 10−1 mg/kg, o,p′-DDD 1.00 × 10−2 mg/kg, α-endosulfan 6.00 × 10−1 mg/kg, β-endosulfan 2.10 × 10−1 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos 3.00 mg/kg, and cypermethrin 4.00 × 10−2 mg/kg. The most frequently detected compounds were p,p′-DDD and chlorpyrifos. The order of contamination was spinach > cabbage > onions. Generally, there were no significant variations in concentrations of pesticide residues among samples and sampling sites, which indicated similarities in contamination patterns. The concentrations of contaminants were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 33.3–50% of the samples. The findings indicated risks and concerns for public health.

scholarly journals Green Spaces in Residential Areas of Dar es Salaam City: Types, Coverage and Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nicholaus Mwageni ◽  
Robert Kiunsi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City ◽  
The City

Green spaces in urban areas including in Dar es Salaam City provide multiple ecological, social and economic benefits. Despite their benefits they are inadequately documented in terms types, coverage and uses. This paper attempts to provide information on types, coverage and uses of green space in Dar es Salaam City. A number of methods including literature review, interpretation of remotely sensed image, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to document city greenery. The research findings show that residential greenery is made up of greenery found within and external to plots. The dominant green spaces external to residential plots were natural and semi natural vegetation while within plots were woody plants, plots farms vegetable and ornamental gardens. Distribution of greenery varied among the wards due to differences in building density and distance from the city centre. Natural and semi natural vegetation increased with decrease of building density and increase of distance from the city centre, while the number of plots with trees for shade increased with increase of building density. Only Kawe ward that had greenery above Tanzania space planning standards, the other three wards which are informal settlements had green space deficit. Three quarters of the households use green spaces for shade provision and cooling, two thirds as a source of food products and a quarter for recreation and aesthetic purposes. The study reveals that Dar es Salaam City residents invest predominantly on shade trees in their residential plots compared to other green space types.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of informal pit emptiers in sanitation in Nairobi through case studies in Mukuru and Kibera settlements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Mallory ◽  
Lilian Omoga ◽  
Domenic Kiogora ◽  
Joy Riungu ◽  
Dorothy Kagendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Transfer Station ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Current Paradigm ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection ◽  
New Infrastructure

Abstract Achieving universal sanitation in informal settlements will depend on improved onsite sanitation, as sewer systems are unlikely to be viable solutions due to technical and political constraints. In Nairobi, Kenya, 60% of the population live among its 150 informal settlements, occupying only 5% of its total residential land. This research assessed the role of informal pit emptiers in providing sanitation in Mukuru and Kibera, two of the largest informal settlements in Nairobi, and the barriers to achieving improved services. Through qualitative data collection, the research found that pit emptiers are institutionally and physically outside of the current paradigm of sanitation service delivery. There is no infrastructure available to remove waste from informal settlements, except for a transfer station that is being piloted by Sanergy, and instead waste ends up disposed in the community. The pit emptiers also face violence and intimidation from competitors or locals claiming ownership of territory. Providing improved sanitation in such areas will depend on the provision of new infrastructure, but this can only succeed with a detailed understanding of the competing and vested interests that can enable or undermine a project.

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