scholarly journals Emission of Air Pollution in the Transport Sector: Case Study of the City of Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil

Engineering ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 851-862
Author(s):  
Marcenilda A. Lima ◽  
Marcelo S. Sthel
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The City

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MONITORING AIR POLLUTION FROM VEHICLES (CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
V. N. Lozhkin ◽  
◽  
O. V. Lozhkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Standard Limit ◽  
The City ◽  
Original Information

Introduction. St. Petersburg is the cultural and sea capital of Russia. The city is characterized by environmental problems typical for the largest cities in the world. It has a technical system for instrumental online monitoring and computational forecasting of air quality. Methods. The system maintains the information process by means of computational monitoring of its current and future state. Results. The paper describes methodological approaches to the generation of instrumental information about the structure and intensity of traffic flows in the urban road network and its digital transformation into GIS maps of air pollution in terms of pollutants standard limit values excess. Conclusion. The original information technology for air quality control was introduced at the regional level in the form of an official methodology and is used in environmental management activities.

scholarly journals Behavioural changes in urban mobility in Barcelona due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peters
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The City

This study assesses changes in mobility behaviour in the City of Barcelona due the COVID‐19pandemic and its impact on air pollution and GHG emissions. Urban transport is an important sourceof global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving urban mobility patterns is therefore crucial formitigating climate change. This study combines quantitative survey data and official governmentdata with in‐depth interviews with public administration officials of the City. Data illustrates thatBarcelona has experienced an unprecedented reduction in mobility during the lockdown (a 90%drop) and mobility remained at comparatively low levels throughout the year 2020. Most remarkableis the decrease in the use of public transport in 2020 compared to pre‐pandemic levels, whereas roadtraffic has decreased to a lesser extent and cycling surged at times to levels up to 60% higher thanpre‐pandemic levels. These changes in mobility have led to a radical and historic reduction in airpollution, with NO2 and PM10 concentration complying with WHO guidelines in 2020. Reductions inGHG emissions for Barcelona’s transport sector are estimated at almost 250.000 t CO2eq in 2020 (7%of the City’s overall annual emissions). The study derives policy implications aimed at achieving along‐term shift towards climate‐friendlier, low‐emission transport in Barcelona, namely how torecover lost demand in public transport and seize the opportunity that the crisis brings for reform byfurther reducing road traffic and establishing a 'cycling culture' in Barcelona, as already achieved inother European cities.

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (-1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Janis Kleperis ◽  
Gunars Bajars ◽  
Ingrida Bremere ◽  
Martins Menniks ◽  
Arturs Viksna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Particle Pollution ◽  
The City

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options Air quality in the city of Riga is evaluated from direct monitoring results and from accounting registered air pollutants in the city. It is concluded that from all air polluting substances listed in the European Commission directives, only nitrogen dioxide NO2 and particulate matter PM10 exceed the limits. In assessing the projected measures to improve air quality in Riga, it can be concluded that the implementation of cleaner fuels and improvements in energy efficiency of household and industrial sectors will decrease particle pollution, but measures in the transport sector will also contribute to reducing air pollution from nitrogen oxides.

A System for Multi-Passenger Urban Ridesharing Recommendations with Ordered Multiple Stops

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-687
Author(s):  
Eleonora D’Andrea ◽  
Beatrice Lazzerini ◽  
Francesco Marcelloni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Recommender Systems ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Matching Criterion ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Ordering Constraints ◽  
The City

Abstract Traffic and air pollution caused by the increasing number of cars have become important issues in nowadays cities. A possible solution is to employ recommender systems for efficient ridesharing among users. These systems, however, typically do not allow specifying ordered stops, thus preventing a large amount of possible users from exploiting ridesharing, e.g. parents leaving kids at school while going to work. Indeed, if a parent desired to share a ride, he/she would need to indicate the following constraint in the path: the stop at school should precede the stop at work. In this paper, we propose a ridesharing recommender, which allows each user to specify an ordered list of stops and suggests efficient ride matches. The ride-matching criterion is based on a dissimilarity between the driver’s path and the shared path, computed as the shortest path on a directed acyclic graph with ordering constraints between the stops defined in the single paths. The dissimilarity value is the detour requested to the driver to visit also the stops of the paths involved in the ride-share, respecting the visiting order of the stops within each path. Results are presented on a case study involving the city of Pisa.

scholarly journals Assessing the Immediate Effect of Covid-19 Lockdown on Air Quality: A Case Study of Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ankit Sikarwar ◽  
Ritu Rani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Inverse Distance

Abstract In India, a nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 has been implemented on 25 March 2020. The lockdown restrictions on more than 1.3 billion people have brought exceptional changes in the air quality all over the country. This study aims to analyze the levels of three major pollutants: particulate matter sized 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) before and during the lockdown in Delhi, one of the world’s most polluted cities. The data for PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations are derived from 38 ground stations dispersed within the city. The spatial interpolation maps of pollutants for two times are generated using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model. The results indicate decreasing levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations in the city by 93%, 83%, and 70% from 25 February 2020 to 21 April 2020 respectively. It is found that one month before the lockdown the levels of air pollution in Delhi were critical and much higher than the guideline values set by the World Health Organization. The levels of air pollution became historically low after the lockdown. Considering the critically degraded air quality for decades and higher morbidity and mortality rate due to unhealthy air in Delhi, the improvement in air quality due to lockdown may result as a boon for the better health of the city’s population.

scholarly journals Awareness of Air Pollution and Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees: The Case Study of Warsaw City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10611
Author(s):  
Karolina Kais ◽  
Marlena Gołaś ◽  
Marzena Suchocka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The City

One of the consequences of the constant urban development in numerous countries is a growing concentration of air pollution, which adversely affects both the environment and people’s health. One of the ways of changing this negative trend is to maintain green areas and trees within cities, as they serve many ecosystem functions, including biological absorption of particles and other types of air pollution. This article provides the findings of a study carried out among the residents of Warsaw, the capital of Poland, in order to assess social awareness of air pollution and the importance of trees. The study of the residents’ awareness was supplemented with the assessment of the parameters of the trees’ capacity for pollution absorption in selected locations performed with the help of the i-Tree Eco tool, which allowed the authors to compare the residents’ impressions on the role of trees in the process of absorption of pollution with their actual potential. The analyses showed that the majority of city residents are concerned with the problem of air in the city, but at the same time failing to notice its negative impact on their health. The majority of respondents were not aware of the role the trees play in the process of pollution absorption, suggesting that there is a real need for raising social awareness of functions served by trees and green areas in urban spaces. The comparison of the city residents’ opinions on the importance of trees in the process of pollution absorption with objective data obtained with the help of i-Tree Eco tool shows that the majority of people’s impressions of pollution absorption by trees in urban areas is correct.

scholarly journals Using Smart Card Data of Metro Passengers to Unveil the Urban Spatial Structure: A Case Study of Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guohong Cheng ◽  
Shichao Sun ◽  
Linlin Zhou ◽  
Guanzhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Card ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Smart Card Data ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Metro Systems ◽  
The City

This study adopted smart card data collected from metro systems to identify city centers and illustrate how city centers interacted with other regions. A case study of Xi’an, China, was given. Specifically, inflow and outflow patterns of metro passengers were characterized to measure the degree of population agglomeration of an area, i.e., the centricity of an area. On this basis, in order to overcome the problem of determining the boundaries of the city centers, Moran’s I was adopted to examine the spatial correlation between the inflow and outflow of ridership of adjacent areas. Three residential centers and two employee centers were identified, which demonstrated the polycentricity of urban structure of Xi’an. With the identified polycenters, the dominant spatial connections with each city center were investigated through a multiple linkage analysis method. The results indicated that there were significant connections between residential centers and employee centers. Moreover, metro passengers (commuters mostly) flowing into the identified employee centers during morning peak-hours mainly came from the northern and western area of Xi’an. This was consistent with the interpretation of current urban planning, which validated the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Policy implications were provided for the transport sector and public transport operators.

scholarly journals Assessing the immediate effect of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality: A case study of Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Sikarwar ◽  
Ritu Rani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Inverse Distance

Abstract In India, the nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 has been implemented on 25 March 2020. The lockdown restrictions on more than 1.3 billion people have brought exceptional changes in the air quality all over the country. This study aims to analyze the levels of three major pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and NO2) before and during the lockdown in Delhi, one of the world’s most polluted cities. The data for PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations are derived from 38 ground stations dispersed within the city. The spatial interpolation maps of pollutants for two times are generated using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model. The results indicate the lowering of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations in the city by 93%, 83%, and 70% from 25 February 2020 to 21 April 2020 respectively. It is found that before one month of the lockdown the levels of air pollution in Delhi were critically high and far beyond the guideline values set by the World Health Organization. The levels of air pollution are historically low after the lockdown. Considering the critically degraded air quality for decades and higher morbidity and mortality rate due to unhealthy air in Delhi, the improvement in air quality due to lockdown may result as a boon for the better health of the city’s population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document