scholarly journals Physical and Biochemical Properties of Apple Orchard Soils of Different Productivities

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (07) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamitsu Kai ◽  
Masaki Mukai ◽  
Kiwako S. Araki ◽  
Dinesh Adhikari ◽  
Motoki Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Orchard Soils

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity of Chlorpyrifos Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Apple Orchard Soils of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Jyotsana Pandit ◽  
Khyati Harkhani
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Orchard Soils

A total of seventy-two bacterial isolates were obtained employing enrichment culture technique from apple orchard soils contaminated with chlorpyrifos. Pure cultures of bacterial isolates were obtained using streak plate method on mineral salt medium. Bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphology, culture and biochemical properties. Six bacterial isolates exhibited high extracellular organophosphorus hydrolase activity along with high tolerance towards high concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Genomic DNA extraction from bacterial isolates was done with phenol/chloroform method. Molecular Diversity of six chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial isolates was done employing RAPD-PCR technique by using 25 decamer primers, where amplification was showed by only 20 primers. A total of 337 amplified bands and 64 unique bands ranging in size from 100 to 4900bps were produced after RAPD analysis. The similarity coefficient estimated by Jaccard’s coefficient for these bacterial isolates was found to range between 31 to 64 percent.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of guaiacol producing Alicyclobacillus fastidiosus strains from orchards in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sokolowska ◽  
Marzena Połaska ◽  
Agnieszka Dekowska
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Flavor Compounds ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Acidophilic Bacteria ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Orchard Soils

The genus Alicyclobacillus comprises a group of Gram-positive, thermo-acidophilic bacteria that are capable of producing highly resistant endospores during unfavorable environmental conditions. The members of this genus inhabit natural environments, including hot springs and soils. The main reason behind the spoilage of final commercial fruit products by Alicyclobacillus is the contamination of fruits with soil at the time of harvesting. Some of the Alicyclobacillus species, including Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, are categorized as spoilage bacteria due to their ability to produce off-flavor compounds (e.g., guaiacol and halophenols) that adversely affect the taste and aroma of beverages. In our study, Alicyclobacillus species were isolated from Polish orchard soils and fruits and were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. The results of the analysis showed that the isolated strains belonged to A. acidoterrestris and Alicyclobacillus fastidiosus species. All the three isolated strains of A. fastidiosus (f1, f2, f3) exhibited similar morphological and biochemical properties as the strain described in the literature. However, these isolated strains were able to produce guaiacol at temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, and 45°C. Thus, the strains of A. fastidiosus discovered in the present study can be included in the group of spoilage species as they possessed the gene responsible for the production of guaiacol.

METALS IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF ONTARIO

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
K. ISHIDA ◽  
P. SUDA
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Orchard Soils

Farm fields (296) in all agricultural areas of Ontario were sampled to a depth of 15 cm and analyzed for 10 metals and one non-metal. Metal additions to soils in the form of pesticides, trace elements, fertilizers, feed additives and non-agricultural depositions were reviewed. Arsenic and lead levels were elevated in fruit orchard soils as a result of using lead and calcium arsenate over the past 65 yr. Apple orchard soils had higher As and Pb levels than cherry soils, and these were higher than peach soils, correlating with the length of usage and the annual rates of application. Arsenic levels were slightly increased in potato soils due to the use of sodium arsenite. Mercury content in apple orchard soils was slightly elevated by the use of phenyl mercuric acetate over a 20-year period. The treatment of seed grain with methyl mercurials over a 40-yr period was not reflected in the content of farm soils. Organic soils had higher levels of mercury than mineral soils. Copper levels in soils were highest in organic soils following several years' treatment with copper as both a trace element and a fungicide. Copper concentrations in orchard and vineyard soils were raised only slightly by the application of copper fungicides over an 80-yr period. Widespread application of manganese as a trace element and fungicide in the production of vegetables and bean crops was not detected in soils on which these crops were grown. A much smaller use of fungicide containing iron and zinc likewise was not evident in these soils where these fungicides were used in crop production. Cadmium, cobalt, chromium, iron, and nickel levies were not affected by agricultural practises, especially those involving the use of general fertilizers and barn yard manures; however, serious inputs were found on a small number of soils from industrial activities, especially near a nickel–cobalt smelter and the disposal of sludge. Mean natural background levels of metals in agricultural soils of Ontario in order of increasing magnitude were mercury, 0.08; cadmium, 0.56; cobalt, 4.4; arsenic, 6.3; lead, 14.1; chromium, 14.3; nickel, 15.9; copper, 25.4; zinc, 53.5; manganese, 530; and iron, 14.470 ppm. Most metals increased with increasing clay or organic matter content of the soil.

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