Host Preferences of the Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis at an Endemic Focus of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia

Abstract Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.

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Nocturnal Activity Patterns of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) at an Endemic Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jmedent/32.5.605 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 605-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Amy C. Morrison ◽

Cristina Ferro ◽

Raul Pardo ◽

Mariela Torres ◽

Mark L. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Nocturnal Activity ◽

Endemic Focus

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Ecological niches and blood sources of sand fly in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-016-0126-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huiying Chen ◽

Kaili Li ◽

Hua Shi ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

Yu Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Endemic Focus

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Preliminary description of a new entomoparasitic nematode infecting Lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology ◽

10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00046-0 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nágila F.C Secundino ◽

Márcio S.S Araújo ◽

Gustavo H.B Oliveira ◽

Cristiano L Massara ◽

Omar S Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

New World ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Preliminary Description

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Insights into the salivary N-glycome of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis

10.1101/2020.06.03.132746 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karina Mondragon-Shem ◽

Katherine Wongtrakul-Kish ◽

Radoslaw P. Kozak ◽

Shi Yan ◽

Iain Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Salivary Proteins ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Detailed Structural Analysis ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Sds Page ◽

Before And After

AbstractDuring Leishmania transmission sand flies inoculate parasites and saliva into the skin of vertebrates. Saliva has anti-haemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities that evolved to facilitate bloodfeeding, but also modulate the host’s immune responses. Sand fly salivary proteins have been extensively studied, but the nature and biological roles of protein-linked glycans remain overlooked. Here, we characterised the profile of N-glycans from the salivary glycoproteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. In silico predictions suggest half of Lu. longipalpis salivary proteins may be N-glycosylated. SDS-PAGE coupled to LC-MS analysis of sand fly saliva, before and after enzymatic deglycosylation, revealed several candidate glycoproteins. To determine the diversity of N-glycan structures in sand fly saliva, enzymatically released sugars were fluorescently tagged and analysed by HPLC, combined with highly sensitive LC-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, and exoglycosidase treatments. We found that the N-glycan composition of Lu. longipalpis saliva mostly consists of oligomannose sugars, with Man5GlcNAc2 being the most abundant, and a few hybrid-type species. Interestingly, some glycans appear modified with a group of 144 Da, whose identity has yet to be confirmed. Our work presents the first detailed structural analysis of sand fly salivary glycans.

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Lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652010000400004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 187-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Maria Soledad Santini ◽

Oscar Daniel Salomón ◽

Soraya Alejandra Acardi ◽

Enrique Adolfo Sandoval ◽

Lilian Tartaglino

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Bed Nets ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Time Space ◽

Local Officials ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

During the earlier stages of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Posadas City, Misiones, both the night activity and attraction to humans of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed, in order to provide preliminary recommendations. The impact of peridomestic deltamethrin spraying performed by local officials was also evaluated. Although Lu. longipalpis were found in traps located over a dog the entire night, 90% of the females were captured from 20.30h to 1.30h, and only landed on a human when he was at a distance of 1.5 m from the dog. Peridomestic spraying of deltamethrin (25 mg/m²) reduced the sand fly capture up to seven days post-intervention without dispersion in the border of the sprayed areas. These results support the recommendations about time-space focus of the protection measures: first half of the night, in the backyard, with pets and domestic animals kept at least 5 m from humans. The deltamethrin as it was used did not seem very effective in this scenario; neither did the eventual use of bed nets, at least in adults, due to the place/hour of sand fly higher activity. This study strengthens the need for a multidisciplinary approach to develop prevention strategies based both on biological and anthropological studies.

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Studies on the Feeding Habits ofLutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis(Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Populations from Endemic Areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/858657 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Margarete Martins dos Santos Afonso ◽

Rosemere Duarte ◽

José Carlos Miranda ◽

Lindenbergh Caranha ◽

Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Blood Feeding ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Feeding Sources

The aim of this study was to identify potential blood feeding sources ofL. (L.) longipalpisspecimens from populations in Northeastern Brazil, endemic areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) and its correlation with the transmission ofL. (L.) i. chagasi. The ELISA technique was applied using bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent antisera to analyze 609 females, resulting in an overall positivity of 60%. In all municipalities, females showed higher positivity for bird followed by dog antiserum and sand fly specimens were also positive for equine, feline, human, sheep, goat, opossum, and rodent antisera. The finding for 17 combinations of two or three types of blood in some females corroborates the opportunistic habit of this sand fly species. The results demonstrating the association betweenL. (L.) longipalpisand opossum suggest the need for further evaluation of the real role of this synanthropic mammal in the eco-epidemiology of AVL.

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Assessment of sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae) control using cypermethrin in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2011001100005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 2117-2123 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ricardo Andrade Barata ◽

Erika Monteiro Michalsky ◽

Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara ◽

João Carlos França-Silva ◽

Marília Fonseca Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Transmission Area

Montes Claros in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was considered an intense transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis. This study evaluated sand fly fauna after insecticide application. Captures were performed in 10 districts from September 2005 to August 2006 with CDC light traps inside and outside each residence. Cypermethrin was sprayed in two cycles during November/2005 and May/2006. The 636 specimens collected, belonging to 10 species, were predominantly Lutzomyia longipalpis (79%), and most frequently males (70%). The highest percentage of specimens were captured in areas surrounding domiciles (85.8%). The main species were observed to be sensitive to treatment with the insecticide. The results showed a reduction in the number of sand flies collected after use of cypermethrin in homes and annexes, and with residual effect lasting from two to four months.

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