Preliminary description of a new entomoparasitic nematode infecting Lutzomyia longipalpis sand fly, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nágila F.C Secundino ◽  
Márcio S.S Araújo ◽  
Gustavo H.B Oliveira ◽  
Cristiano L Massara ◽  
Omar S Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
New World ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Preliminary Description

Entomological Studies in Itaúna, Brazil, an Area With Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission: Fauna Survey, Natural Leishmania Infection, and Molecular Characterization of the Species Circulating in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane V Lopes ◽  
Erika M Michalsky ◽  
Nathalia C L Pereira ◽  
Adão J V de Paula ◽  
Fabiana O Lara-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Abstract Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.

scholarly journals Insights into the salivary N-glycome of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Mondragon-Shem ◽  
Katherine Wongtrakul-Kish ◽  
Radoslaw P. Kozak ◽  
Shi Yan ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Before And After

AbstractDuring Leishmania transmission sand flies inoculate parasites and saliva into the skin of vertebrates. Saliva has anti-haemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities that evolved to facilitate bloodfeeding, but also modulate the host’s immune responses. Sand fly salivary proteins have been extensively studied, but the nature and biological roles of protein-linked glycans remain overlooked. Here, we characterised the profile of N-glycans from the salivary glycoproteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. In silico predictions suggest half of Lu. longipalpis salivary proteins may be N-glycosylated. SDS-PAGE coupled to LC-MS analysis of sand fly saliva, before and after enzymatic deglycosylation, revealed several candidate glycoproteins. To determine the diversity of N-glycan structures in sand fly saliva, enzymatically released sugars were fluorescently tagged and analysed by HPLC, combined with highly sensitive LC-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, and exoglycosidase treatments. We found that the N-glycan composition of Lu. longipalpis saliva mostly consists of oligomannose sugars, with Man5GlcNAc2 being the most abundant, and a few hybrid-type species. Interestingly, some glycans appear modified with a group of 144 Da, whose identity has yet to be confirmed. Our work presents the first detailed structural analysis of sand fly salivary glycans.

scholarly journals Lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soledad Santini ◽  
Oscar Daniel Salomón ◽  
Soraya Alejandra Acardi ◽  
Enrique Adolfo Sandoval ◽  
Lilian Tartaglino
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

During the earlier stages of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Posadas City, Misiones, both the night activity and attraction to humans of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed, in order to provide preliminary recommendations. The impact of peridomestic deltamethrin spraying performed by local officials was also evaluated. Although Lu. longipalpis were found in traps located over a dog the entire night, 90% of the females were captured from 20.30h to 1.30h, and only landed on a human when he was at a distance of 1.5 m from the dog. Peridomestic spraying of deltamethrin (25 mg/m²) reduced the sand fly capture up to seven days post-intervention without dispersion in the border of the sprayed areas. These results support the recommendations about time-space focus of the protection measures: first half of the night, in the backyard, with pets and domestic animals kept at least 5 m from humans. The deltamethrin as it was used did not seem very effective in this scenario; neither did the eventual use of bed nets, at least in adults, due to the place/hour of sand fly higher activity. This study strengthens the need for a multidisciplinary approach to develop prevention strategies based both on biological and anthropological studies.

scholarly journals Studies on the Feeding Habits ofLutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis(Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Populations from Endemic Areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Martins dos Santos Afonso ◽  
Rosemere Duarte ◽  
José Carlos Miranda ◽  
Lindenbergh Caranha ◽  
Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Feeding Sources

The aim of this study was to identify potential blood feeding sources ofL. (L.) longipalpisspecimens from populations in Northeastern Brazil, endemic areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) and its correlation with the transmission ofL. (L.) i. chagasi. The ELISA technique was applied using bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent antisera to analyze 609 females, resulting in an overall positivity of 60%. In all municipalities, females showed higher positivity for bird followed by dog antiserum and sand fly specimens were also positive for equine, feline, human, sheep, goat, opossum, and rodent antisera. The finding for 17 combinations of two or three types of blood in some females corroborates the opportunistic habit of this sand fly species. The results demonstrating the association betweenL. (L.) longipalpisand opossum suggest the need for further evaluation of the real role of this synanthropic mammal in the eco-epidemiology of AVL.

scholarly journals Assessment of sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae) control using cypermethrin in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2117-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrade Barata ◽  
Erika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara ◽  
João Carlos França-Silva ◽  
Marília Fonseca Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Transmission Area

Montes Claros in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was considered an intense transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis. This study evaluated sand fly fauna after insecticide application. Captures were performed in 10 districts from September 2005 to August 2006 with CDC light traps inside and outside each residence. Cypermethrin was sprayed in two cycles during November/2005 and May/2006. The 636 specimens collected, belonging to 10 species, were predominantly Lutzomyia longipalpis (79%), and most frequently males (70%). The highest percentage of specimens were captured in areas surrounding domiciles (85.8%). The main species were observed to be sensitive to treatment with the insecticide. The results showed a reduction in the number of sand flies collected after use of cypermethrin in homes and annexes, and with residual effect lasting from two to four months.

Ecological niche models for sand fly species and predicted distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and visceral leishmaniasis in Bahia state, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moara de Santana Martins Rodgers ◽  
Maria Emilia Bavia ◽  
Eduardo Oyama Lins Fonseca ◽  
Bruno Oliveira Cova ◽  
Marta Mariana Nascimento Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Niche Models

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sand flies and canine infection in areas of human visceral leishmaniasis, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Leandro da Cruz Mestre ◽  
Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Rosina Djunko Miyazaki ◽  
Jorge Senatore Vargas Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
The City

Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic infectious disease that can cause to a severe, potentially life-threatening chronic condition in humans. Risk factors for infection in urban areas have been associated with poor living conditions, the presence of sand fly vectors and infected pets. This study aimed to describe sand fly and canine infection in the neighborhoods of human visceral leishmaniasis occurrence in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, central-western Brazil, reported between January 2005 and December 2006. A total of 1,909 sand flies were collected. They were predominantly males and the most frequent species were Lutzomyia cruzi (81.25%), Lutzomyia whitmani (13.88%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (2.62%). The sand fly density was not significantly correlated with the variation of environmental factors. The prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the neighborhoods studied was 26.82% and it was found that areas with high density of vectors coincided with areas of high prevalence of dogs and those with the highest rates of human cases. The study of vectors and other potential hosts are essential for a good understanding of visceral leishmaniasis and the related public health concerns, aiming at the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State.

scholarly journals Description of six autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in Pedregulho (São Paulo, Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Cássia Regina de Abreu ◽  
Ana Cláudia Parpinelli ◽  
Romeika Reis de Lima ◽  
Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias ◽  
Lucas de Freitas Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
The City ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. In Brazil, this illness is caused by Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease across Brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in June 2013, in the city of Pedregulho, State of São Paulo, considered to be a non-endemic area and free of phlebotomine sand flies. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs of the patients and additional tests (serological and parasitological). It was concluded that the diagnosis of leishmaniasis is complex because the clinical signs are similar to other systemic diseases, thus justifying the importance of parasitological test of bone marrow, considered "gold standard", in the confirmation of the disease. In addition, the area was not, until now, considered risk place, despite notification.

scholarly journals Sandflies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) survey in an urban transmission area of visceral leishmaniasis, Northeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sthenia Santos Albano Amóra ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽  
Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó ◽  
Paula Gabriela Melo de Oliveira ◽  
Gislayne Christianne Xavier Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health challenge in Brazil, especially in states where it is endemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of sand fly population density with environmental variables (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) in urban areas of the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Sand flies were captured with Center Disease Control (CDC) traps installed monthly in the intra and peridomicile of three houses. Data analysis was based on the chi-square test and linear regression. A total of 7,347 sand flies were captured, being 93.85% Lutzomyia longipalpis and 6.15% Lutzomyia evandroi. Sand flies were more commonly found in the peridomicile and there was no difference between the number of males and females. The variables rainy season as well as relative humidity and rainfall, alone or together, did not have an effect on sand fly population density. However, high temperatures had a negative effect. The study of the behavior of sand flies in specific units of endemic areas can provide input to public health authorities for planning appropriate VL vector control measures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document