Assessment of a New Antigen Detection Test for the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Abeijon ◽  
Stefano Pizzirani ◽  
Antonio Campos-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antigen Protein ◽  
Simple Exposure

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a serious zoonotic disease in Brazil and Southern Europe. CVL is primarily caused by Leishmania infantum and its diagnosis relies primarily on detection of parasites in bone marrow or lymph node aspirates by microscopic observation of the parasites in stained smears, parasite culture, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serological tests exist but they do not distinguish active disease from simple exposure to parasite antigens. Here, we have assessed the utility of a new monoclonal antibody––based antigen (protein) detection test for the diagnosis of CVL. The test was positive in 70% of beagle dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum. In contrast, culture of the parasites from bone marrow aspirates was positive in only 40% of the infected animals. These preliminary results suggest that this antigen detection test, which we have recently described for the diagnosis of human VL, has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool for CVL.

scholarly journals Urine-Based Antigen (Protein) Detection Test for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Antonio Campos-Neto ◽  
Claudia Abeijon
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Antigen Protein ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Novel Protein

This review describes and appraises a novel protein-based antigen detection test for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The test detects in patient’s urine six proteins from Leishmania infantum (chagasi) and Leishmania donovani, the etiological agents of VL. The gold standard test for VL is microscopic observation of the parasites in aspirates from spleen, liver, or bone marrow (and lymph node for dogs). Culture of the parasites or detection of their DNA in these aspirates are also commonly used. Serological tests are available but they cannot distinguish patients with active VL from either healthy subjects exposed to the parasites or from subjects who had a successful VL treatment. An antigen detection test based on the agglutination of anti-leishmania carbohydrates antibody coated latex beads has been described. However, the results obtained with this carbohydrate-based test have been conflicting. Using mass spectrometry, we discovered six L. infantum/L. donovani proteins excreted in the urine of VL patients and used them as markers for the development of a robust mAb-based antigen (protein) detection test. The test is assembled in a multiplexed format to simultaneously detect all six markers. Its initial clinical validation showed a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 100% for VL diagnosis.

scholarly journals USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ASYMPTOMATIC Leishmania INFECTION IN A VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS-ENDEMIC AREA

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Almeida Silva ◽  
Héctor Dardo Romero ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Nédia Nehme ◽  
Otávio Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi has become more important over recent years. Expansion of visceral leishmaniasis might be associated with other routes of transmission such as transfusion, congenital or even vector transmission, and subjects with asymptomatic infection are potential reservoirs. Moreover, the identification of infection may contribute to the management of patients with immunosuppressive conditions (HIV, transplants, use of immunomodulators) and to the assessment of the effectiveness of control measures. In this study, 149 subjects living in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area were evaluated clinically and submitted to genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological testing, and the Montenegro skin test. Forty-nine (32.9%) of the subjects had a positive PCR result and none of them developed the disease within a follow-up period of three years. No association was observed between the results of PCR, serological and skin tests. A positive PCR result in subjects from the endemic area did not indicate a risk of progression to visceral leishmaniasis and was not associated with a positive result in the serological tests.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Londrina, Paraná - investigation and case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Eloiza Teles Caldart ◽  
Cínthia Peres Camilo ◽  
Jéssica Regina Moreira ◽  
Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos ◽  
Fernanda Pinto Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Severe Clinical Picture ◽  
Search For Information

Dogs are considered the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis for humans, which also present a chronic and severe clinical picture when affected. The objective of the present report was to describe a canine visceral leishmaniasis case diagnosed in Londrina, an indene city, and its investigation. A street animal with extensive dermatological lesions, onychogryphosis, mild anemia and leukopenia was attended at a veterinary hospital in Londrina, where positivity was reported for Leishmania spp. in serological tests. Cytology was positive in bone marrow, PCR and parasite culture were positive in skin, spleen, liver, lymph node and bone marrow, and DNA sequencing confirmed the species of the parasite as L. (L.) infantum. The official diagnosis was made by the Central Laboratory of Paraná (LACEN), and through an official report, an investigation of the case was started for the confirmation of autochthony. An active search for the vector and other canine cases in the neighborhood was carried out along with a search for information on the origin of the animal in question. However, the species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, new canine cases, or origin of the sick animal were not identified. Although, the present case cannot be confirmed as autochthonous, we suggest that it is necessary to disseminate the present report to serve as a warning to veterinarians and other public health professionals in the northern region of Paraná to be attentive to suspicious cases and to not fail to investigate these cases to the end.

Comparison of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serology for the Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Ashford ◽  
Wim Degrave ◽  
Conceicao Eulalio ◽  
Roberto Badaro ◽  
Ulisses Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: diagnostic approaches based on polymerase chain reaction employing different biological samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arleana B.P.F. Almeida ◽  
Valéria R.F. Sousa ◽  
Naiani D. Gasparetto ◽  
Givago F.R. da Silva ◽  
Fabiano B. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Relapse of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an HIV-Infected Patient Successfully Treated with a Combination of Miltefosine and Amphotericin B

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna McQuarrie ◽  
Ken Kasper ◽  
Dana C Moffatt ◽  
Daniel Marko ◽  
Yoav Keynan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The present report documents a 49-year-old HIV-infected man receiving antiretroviral therapy with a suboptimal immune response and a CD4 count of 95 cells/mm3, despite virological suppression. Investigation of bone marrow was conducted and yielded a diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. The clinical course was complicated by gastrointestinal involvment and relapse occurred after amphotericin B therapy. With the addition of miltefosine, the patient no longer presented with bone marrow amastigotes, and displayed an increased CD4 count and negativeLeishmaniapolymerase chain reaction results. The present case highlights atypical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis, including poor immune reconstitution and gastrointestinal involvement. The high likelihood of relapse and response to combination therapy are illustrated.

scholarly journals An acute presentation of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to visceral leishmaniasis in a British adult returning traveller

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Anastasia A Theodosiou ◽  
◽  
Hwai Jing Hiew ◽  
Christina Petridou ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspirate ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Very High

A 62-year old British Caucasian woman normally resident in Spain presented with fever and pancytopaenia after returning to the UK. Her symptoms persisted despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, and she gradually became confused, hypotensive and progressively more pancytopaenic. Imaging demonstrated hepatosplenomegaly, and a bone marrow aspirate confirmed a diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Bone marrow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood serology were both positive for Leishmania donovani, consistent with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Following treatment with dexamethasone and amphotericin, she improved clinically and biochemically, and was able to return to Spain. Fever in the returning traveller is a common acute medical presentation. Although HLH and VL are rare diagnoses, both carry a very high mortality rate if undiagnosed and untreated.

Interest and reliability of a polymerase chain reaction on bone-marrow samples in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in AIDS

AIDS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-453–453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Piarroux ◽  
E Gambarelli ◽  
B. Toga ◽  
H. Dumon ◽  
hi. Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Suspected Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pandey ◽  
AK Mallik ◽  
S Pyakurel ◽  
SB Pun ◽  
BD Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Endemic Areas

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is potentially fatal protozoan diseases caused by Leishmania donovani. Nepal is an endemic region in which visceral leishmaniasis causes a major public health problem in the lowland areas that border the endemic areas of Bihar state in India. Accurate diagnosis to inform treatment is a first step in achieving the goal of visceral leishmaniasis elimination from South East Asian regions by 2020. Objective The objective of the present study was to compare between the Microcopy and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Methods In the present study, 236 bone marrow aspirations were collected from suspected visceral leishmaniasis patients in Janakpur Zonal Hospital, Dhanusa district, Terai region of Nepal in between 2003-2007. We evaluated bone marrow samples by microscopic examination with subsequent testing of the same sample by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. Results Giemsa’s solution stained bone marrow slides stored for over five years were used for polymerase chain reaction amplification. The result showed that 71% were polymerase chain reaction positive and 56% were microscopic positive. Out of 104 microscopic negative bone marrow samples, 15% of samples were positive by polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion Polymerase chain reaction could make a very good option for diagnosis by using less or non-invasive material from visceral leishmaniasis patients in endemic areas of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11016 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 14-17

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