Benefits of a Higher Octane Standard Gasoline for the U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Chow ◽  
John B. Heywood ◽  
Raymond L. Speth
Keyword(s):  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Retrospective Evaluation of the Costs of Complying with Light-Duty Vehicle Surface Coating Requirements

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-64
Author(s):  
Ann Wolverton ◽  
Ann E. Ferris ◽  
Nathalie B. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

This paper compares the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) ex ante compliance cost estimates for the 2004 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants to ex post evidence on the actual costs of compliance based on ex post cost data gathered from a subset of the industry via pilot survey and follow-up interviews. Unlike many prior retrospective studies on the cost of regulatory compliance, we use this newly gathered information to identify the key drivers of any differences between the ex ante and ex post estimates. We find that the U.S. EPA overestimated the cost of compliance for the plants in our sample and that overestimation was driven primarily by differences in the method of compliance rather than differences in the per-unit cost associated with a given compliance approach. In particular, the U.S. EPA expected facilities to install pollution abatement control technologies in their paint shops to reduce emissions of hazardous air pollutants, but instead these plants complied by reformulating coatings.

Meeting the Challenge: A Stochastic Assessment of the U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Bastani ◽  
John B. Heywood ◽  
Chris Hope
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Corporate Average Fuel Economy ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Stochastic Transport ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Transport and EPA have recently proposed further regulation of the light-duty vehicle corporate average fuel economy and GHG emissions for model years 2017 to 2025. Policy makers are setting more stringent targets out to 2025 in a context of significant uncertainty. These uncertainties need to be quantified and taken into account systematically when evaluating policies. In this paper, a stochastic technology and market vehicle fleet analysis is carried out, using the STEP (Stochastic Transport Emissions Policy model), to assess the probability of meeting the proposed CAFE targets in 2016 and 2025, and identify factors that play key roles in the near and midterm. Our results indicate that meeting the proposed targets requires (a) aggressive technological progress rate and deployment, (b)aggressive market penetration of advanced engines and powertrains, (c) aggressive vehicle downsizing and weight reduction, and (d) a high emphasis on reducing fuel consumption. Three scenarios are examined to assess the likelihood of meeting the proposed targets. The targets examined here, 32.5 and 34.1 mpg in 2016 and 44 and 54.5 mpg in 2025, are reduced from the nominal CAFE values after allowing for the various credits in the proposed rulemaking. The results show that there is about a 42.5% likelihood of the passenger cars average fuel economy falling below 32.5 mpg and a 5.3% likelihood of it exceeding 34.1 mpg in 2016, and about a 4% chance of it exceeding 44 mpg in 2025, under the plausible-ambitious scenario. Under the EPA/DOT preferred alternative scenario, the likelihood of passenger cars average fuel economy meeting or exceeding 34.1 mpg in 2016 and 44 mpg in 2025 increases to about 74% and 34.5% respectively. The probability of meeting these combined CAFE targets drops to less than 1% in both near and mid terms, once light trucks are included in the mix. This analysis quantifies the probability of meeting the targets therefore to enable risk-based contingency planning, and identifies key drivers of uncertainty where further strategic research is needed.

Electrification of light-duty vehicle fleet alone will not meet mitigation targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1102-1107
Author(s):  
Alexandre Milovanoff ◽  
I. Daniel Posen ◽  
Heather L. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Fleet

scholarly journals Vehicle lightweighting energy use impacts in U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Das ◽  
Diane Graziano ◽  
Venkata K.K. Upadhyayula ◽  
Eric Masanet ◽  
Matthew Riddle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Fleet

Emissions of CO2, CO, NOx, HC, PM, HFC-134a, N2O and CH4 from the global light duty vehicle fleet

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Wallington ◽  
John L. Sullivan ◽  
Michael D. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Light Duty ◽  
Hfc 134A ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Fleet

Scenario analysis of lightweight and electric-drive vehicle market penetration in the long-term and impact on the light-duty vehicle fleet

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 1444-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. González Palencia ◽  
Yuki Otsuka ◽  
Mikiya Araki ◽  
Seiichi Shiga
Keyword(s):  
Electric Drive ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Vehicle Market
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