Association Between Maternal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women

Of many vitamin D extraskeletal functions, its modulatory role in insulin secretion and action is especially relevant for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aims of the present study were to determine midgestational and early postpartum vitamin D status in pregnant women with and without GDM and to describe the relationship between midgestational and postpartum vitamin D status and parallel changes of glucose tolerance. A total of 76 pregnant women (47 GDM and 29 healthy controls) were included in the study. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Vitamin D was not significantly decreased in GDM compared to controls during pregnancy; however, both groups of pregnant women exhibited high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Prevalence of postpartum 25(OH)D deficiency in post-GDM women remained significantly higher and their postpartum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower compared to non-GDM counterparts. Finally, based on the oGTT repeated early postpartum persistent glucose abnormality was ascertained in 15% of post-GDM women; however, neither midgestational nor postpartum 25(OH)D levels significantly differed between subjects with GDM history and persistent postpartum glucose intolerance and those with normal glucose tolerance after delivery.

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Vitamin D status and association with gestational diabetes mellitus in a pregnant cohort in Iceland

Food & Nutrition Research ◽

10.29219/fnr.v65.5574 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin S. Magnusdottir ◽

Ellen A. Tryggvadottir ◽

Ola K. Magnusdottir ◽

Laufey Hrolfsdottir ◽

Thorhallur I. Halldorsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25Ohd Concentration

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common pregnancy complications. The vitamin D status has never previously been studied in pregnant women in Iceland. Objective: The aim of this research study was to evaluate the vitamin D status of an Icelandic cohort of pregnant women and the association between the vitamin D status and the GDM incidence. Design: Subjects included pregnant women (n = 938) who attended their first ultrasound appointment, during gestational weeks 11–14, between October 2017 and March 2018. The use of supplements containing vitamin D over the previous 3 months, height, pre-pregnancy weight, and social status were assessed using a questionnaire, and blood samples were drawn for analyzing the serum 25‑hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration. Information regarding the incidence of GDM later in pregnancy was collected from medical records. Results: The mean ± standard deviation of the serum 25OHD (S-25OHD) concentration in this cohort was 63±24 nmol/L. The proportion of women with an S-25OHD concentration of ≥ 50 nmol/L (which is considered adequate) was 70%, whereas 25% had concentrations between 30 and 49.9 nmol/L (insufficient) and 5% had concentrations < 30 nmol/L (deficient). The majority of women (n = 766, 82%) used supplements containing vitamin D on a daily basis. A gradual decrease in the proportion of women diagnosed with GDM was reported with increasing S-25OHD concentrations, going from 17.8% in the group with S-25OHD concentrations < 30 nmol/L to 12.8% in the group with S-25OHD concentrations ≥75 nmol/L; however, the association was not significant (P for trend = 0.11). Conclusion: Approximately one-third of this cohort had S-25OHD concentrations below adequate levels (< 50 nmol/L) during the first trimester of pregnancy, which may suggest that necessary action must be taken to increase their vitamin D levels. No clear association was observed between the vitamin D status and GDM in this study.

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Maternal Vitamin D Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Women

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1931079 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

Zainedeen Nassar ◽

Mazen Alzaharna

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Vitamin D Status

Aims: To assess vitamin D status among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnant women in Gaza Strip. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from pregnant women attending primary health care centers, Gaza, Gaza Strip. Methodology: The study comprised 90 participants, 45 GDM pregnant women and 45 apparently healthy pregnant women. Serum vitamin D and insulin levels were measured by ELISA, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), phosphorus and calcium were determined chemically. Blood pressure was measured. Body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were calculated. Ethical approval was acquired from Helsinki committee. All data was analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The average vitamin D in GDM cases was lower than that in controls (P=0.031). There was an increase in the average of FBG, OGTT, HbA1c and insulin levels in GDM cases versus controls (P<0.001). The average levels of serum cholesterol, TG and LDL were significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were higher in GDM cases in relation to controls. Pearson correlation test showed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and the parameters: BMI, glucose, OGTT, HbA1c and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Conclusion: Vitamin D was lower in GDM women compared to controls. Low vitamin D status may be associated with insulin resistance and act as a risk factor for GDM.

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Maternal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: a Meta-Analysis

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000486810 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Lingmin Hu ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Xing Wang ◽

Lianghui You ◽

Pengfei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Maternal Vitamin D Status

Background/Aims: Whether maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with gestational diabetes remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate published evidence on the association between maternal vitamin D status and the risk of gestational diabetes. Methods: We retrieved relevant articles from the PubMed, Medline and Embase databases up to May 2017 for observational studies investigating the association between vitamin D status and the risk of gestational diabetes. Odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR) from individual studies were pooled using the fixed and random effect models. Results: The meta-analysis of 29 observational studies included 28,982 participants, of which 4,634 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and showed that maternal vitamin D insufficiency was associated with a significantly increased risk of gestational diabetes by 39% (pooled OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.20-1.60) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 50.2%; P = 0.001). Moreover, the 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in gestational diabetes cases than in controls with a pooled effect of -4.79 nmol/L (95% CI = -6.43, -3.15). Significant heterogeneity was also detected (I2 = 65.0%, P < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis indicated that this association was also evident in most subpopulations. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated a significant association between vitamin D insufficiency and increased risk of gestational diabetes. Further well-designed large-scale clinical trials are essential to verify this association.

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