scholarly journals The Efficiency of the Semi-closed Circle System in the View-point of Fresh Gas Conservation

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 536-548
Author(s):  
Toshiko YUSA
Keyword(s):  
View Point ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
Closed Circle System

Effect of Fresh Gas Flow on Isoflurane Concentrations during Low-flow Anaesthesia

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-Y Park ◽  
J-H Kim ◽  
W-Y Kim ◽  
M-S Chang ◽  
J-Y Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Low Flow Anaesthesia ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
American Society ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Closed Circle System

The effect of fresh gas flow (FGF) on isoflurane concentrations at given vaporizer settings during low-flow anaesthesia was investigated. Ninety patients (American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I or II) were randomly allocated to three groups (FGF 1 l/min, FGF 2 l/min and FGF 4 l/min). Anaesthesia was maintained for 10 min with vaporizer setting isoflurane 2 vol% and FGF 4 l/min for full-tissue anaesthetic uptake in a semi-closed circle system. Low-flow anaesthesia was maintained for 20 min with end-tidal isoflurane 1.5 vol% and FGF 2 l/min. FGF was then changed to FGF 1 l/min, FGF 2 l/min or FGF 4 l/min. Measurements during the 20-min period showed that inspired and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations decreased in the FGF 1-l/min group but increased in the FGF 4-l/min group compared with baseline values. No haemodynamic changes were observed. Monitoring of anaesthetic concentrations and appropriate control of vaporizer settings are necessary during low-flow anaesthesia.

scholarly journals تصوراتِ علامہ اقبال: تشریحات ڈاکٹر جاوید اقبال کی روشنی میں

2017 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Firdous Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
View Point ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
Limited Perspective

Dr. Javed Iqbal, beloved son of Allama Iqbal, spent his life endeavors to understand, comprehend and connote the wisdom and philosophy of great Allama Iqbal. Whenever he was cordially invited to attend seminars on Iqbal, he gracefully accepted the invitation and accomplished the task of interpretation of Iqbal's vision. Because in Pakistan, Iqbal has always been studied under the limited perspective of religious dogmas. Whereas Dr. Javed's point of Iqbal and Iqbaliat has always been different to such extent that many other critics of Iqbal would hardly agree with him. Despite his stand alone posture on Iqbal. Dr. Javed always strived hard in his every speech and piece of literature to liberate Iqbal from this closed circle of theology. This is the view point which has been discussed in this article.

DESFLURANE AND ISOFLURANE INDUCTION RATES USING A CLOSED CIRCLE SYSTEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. A370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Nash ◽  
W. C. Stevens ◽  
Y. -H. Au
Keyword(s):  
Closed Circle ◽  
Closed Circle System

scholarly journals General anesthesia for surgical treatment of urethral obstruction in nine goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
A. J. H. C. Michielsen ◽  
K. Proost ◽  
B. Pardon ◽  
L. De Cremer ◽  
S. Schauvliege
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Urethral Obstruction ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
Closed Circle System ◽  
Examination Preparation ◽  
Preoperative Examination ◽  
Selection Of

Nine pygmy goats underwent surgical treatment for obstructive urolithiasis in a period of six months. In two cases, (second) revision surgery was necessary resulting in a total of twelve procedures under general anesthesia. Different anesthetic protocols were applied: analgesia was provided by an opioid (12/12) combined with either benzodiazepine (10/12) or an alpha-2 agonist (2/12). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (10/12) or ketamine (2/12) and maintained with isoflurane (8/12) or sevoflurane (4/12) in oxygen in a semi-closed circle system with continuous monitoring during anesthesia. Minor complications were mild bradycardia (4/12), hypotension (3/12), metabolic acidosis (1/12) and hypothermia (12/12). In four cases, epidural anesthesia was performed; in one of those four cases, severe complications developed (paralysis, 1/4). The goat was euthanized later. Although urethral obstruction increases the risk of general anesthesia, the selection of an appropriate anesthetic protocol, adequate preoperative examination/ preparation and detailed monitoring throughout anesthesia reduced the incidence of severe complications in this case series.

Study of Power Generation System Based on Black Smokers

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Ze De Liang ◽  
Shu Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
Open Circle ◽  
Black Smokers ◽  
Closed Circle System

The OTEC system of the paper studying is different with the traditional OTEC system, which takes the marine geothermal energy (black smokers) as the heat source, takes cold seawater of deep sea as the cold source. The paper analyzes and calculates some parameters of open-circle system which uses water vapor as the working fluid and the closed-circle system which uses pure ammonia as the working fluid, those parameters include thermal efficiency, heat load of condenser and evaporator, pump power consumption, and the net power output. The results show that: with the closed-circle system which uses pure ammonia as the working fluid, the large power consumption of hot water pump is the biggest problem for the open-circle system, besides reducing the temperature of hot fluid and increasing the flash pressure are disadvantageous for open-circle system; but water vapor as the working fluid helps to reduce the load of condenser and evaporator, which is very advantageous for heat exchanger design.

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