scholarly journals Seasonal Changes of Number of Airborne Bacteria Dispersed from Human Body under the Fully Air-conditioned Operating Room

1985 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Yasuko TAKAHASHI ◽  
Kiiko HAYASHI ◽  
Toyoki KUGIMIYA ◽  
Hiroyoshi KOBAYASHI ◽  
Masakazu TSUZUKI
Author(s):  
А.В. Макрушин

В статье подвергается сомнению существующее представление о природе рака. Предлагается другое объяснение природы этой болезни. Механизм рака атавистический. Он возник у докембрийских Metazoa, которые были сидячими и колониальными. У них он обеспечивал приспособление к сезонному ухудшению среды. Готовящиеся к диапаузе растущие почки этих животных стали эволюционными предшественниками злокачественной опухоли. Разрушения в организме, происходящие у этих Metazoa при подготовке к диапаузе, стали эволюционными предшественниками разрушений в организме, происходящих при раке. Рассасывания готовящихся к диапаузе почек у них стало эволюционным предшественником регрессии опухоли. Регрессия опухоли - явление редкое и для изучения поэтому трудное. Исследовать его следует не у высоко организованных животных и не у человека, а у колониальных асцидий. Поняв, как работает у них механизм рассасывания готовящихся к диапаузе почек, легче будет понять механизм регрессии опухоли. У растений готовящиеся к покою почки тоже иногда разрушаются. Исследование этого процесса у растений тоже может помочь пониманию механизма регрессии опухоли. The current understanding of the nature of cancer is being questioned, and another explanation of the nature of this disease has been proposed. The mechanism of cancer is atavistic. It emerged in the Precambrian Metazoa, which were sedentary and colonized. This mechanism provided them with a means to adapt to seasonal changes in the environment. The developing kidneys of these animals preparing for diapause were the evolutionary precursors of a malignant tumor. The destruction that occurred in their kidneys when preparing for diapause was the evolutionary predecessor of the tumor destruction in the human body that occurs during cancer regression. Resorption of diapause-preparing kidneys was an evolutionary precursor to tumor regression. Tumor regression is rare and therefore difficult to study. Thus, this phenomenon should not be investigated in highly organized animals or in humans, but in colonized ascidians. Having understood how the mechanism of resorption of their kidneys functions when preparing for diapause, it will be easier to understand the mechanism of tumor regression. In plants, buds preparing for dormancy are sometimes also destroyed. Studying this process can similarly help decipher the mechanism of tumor regression.


Perfusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Barker ◽  
Uday Dandekar ◽  
Nina Fraser ◽  
Lincoln Dawkin ◽  
Paul Sweeney ◽  
...  

Introduction: Mycobacterium chimaera ( M. chimaera) is a recently characterised bacterium that can cause life-threatening infections in small numbers of patients who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery. The likely mode of transmission is thought to occur through aerosolisation from contaminated water reservoirs. The airborne bacteria then contaminate the surgical field, leading to an infection months or even years later. The preferred practical solution to disrupt the transmission of these airborne bacteria to the patient is to remove the heater-cooler units (HCUs) from the operating room (OR). We describe a process of achieving this in order to provide information to guide other institutions who wish to do a similar thing. Methods: A multidisciplinary team was assembled to work on the project. The planning phase involved trialling different OR layouts and simulating the alterations in the HCU circuit function. The changes to the OR were made over a weekend to minimise disruption to the operating schedule. Results: The HCU was moved to the dirty utility room adjacent to the OR. Standard operating procedures (SOP) and risk assessments were made to enable this to be used for a dual purpose. One of the ORs was reconfigured to allow the cardiopulmonary bypass machine to be located close to the HCU in the dirty utility room. The total cost of the alterations was £6,158. Although we have provided a physical barrier to interrupt patient exposure to aerosolised M. chimaera from HCUs, we continue to perform cultures and decontamination as per the national recommendations. The SOP was designed to be auditable to ensure compliance with the protocols. Conclusions: We show a method by which the HCU can be removed from the OR in a relatively low-cost, straightforward and practical manner.


1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Whyte ◽  
B. H. Shaw ◽  
R. Barnes

SUMMARYAn evaluation has been undertaken of the efficiency of laminar-flow ventilation in operating-rooms in which conventional operating-room clothing was used. It has been demonstrated that velocities in the region of 0·3–0·4 m/sec. will give maximum returns for effort in both down-flow and cross-flow systems. At this velocity the laminar-flow system, in terms of airborne bacteria measured at the would site, was about 11 times more effients using horizontal air-flow and 35–90 times more efficient using vertical air-flow than a plenum-ventilated operating room.


2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Ljungqvist ◽  
Berit Reinmüller ◽  
Jan Gustén ◽  
Johan Nordenadler

The number of airborne bacteria-carrying particles in the operating room is considered an indicator of the risk of infections to the patient undergoing surgery. When the supply air in the operating room is HEPA-filtered, the main source of microorganisms is people (patient and staff). The filtration efficacy of the fabric in operating clothing systems plays an important role. The design of the clothing systems also affects the number of particles emitted from people into the air of the operating room. In ultraclean operating rooms, the selection of clothing systems for the operating team should be considered in terms of patient safety. Examples of clothing systems evaluated in operating rooms will be presented. The predicted influence of different clothing systems in the operating room will be discussed.


2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2570-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A.C. Zoon ◽  
M.G.L.C. Loomans ◽  
J.L.M. Hensen

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tammelin ◽  
B. Ljungqvist ◽  
B. Reinmüller

1980 ◽  
Vol 353 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leonard Goldner ◽  
Mary Moggio ◽  
Stephen F. Beissinger ◽  
Donald E. McCollum

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