scholarly journals War jargon of a peace mission: the case of the polish army contingent in Afghanistan (2002 – 2014)

Linguistica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Alicja Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Task Force ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

In the centenary of the First World War many historical studies concerning the period between 1914 and 1918 and its consequences have appeared in France. Many of these are also interested in the public discourse of this time and its language, especially the lexicon. There is no doubt that it is not only the history of the country and of its citizens that has been marked by the war, but also the French vocabulary. Numerous dictionaries containing war vocabulary have been published in recent years, while others are still being prepared, and all of them prove the existence of an indissoluble bond between the history of a community and its language.The horror of the First and Second World Wars did not cause the world to abandon military conflicts. They continued over the whole 20th century and have not ceased at the beginning of the third millennium. Poland, which since 1945 has not been involved in international military conflicts on its own territory, has nonetheless taken part in the so-called local wars, among them the recent (2002-2014) war in Afghanistan. The majority of Polish society (70-80%) has never accepted the engagement of national forces in this conflict, even though it used to be called “a peaceful mission”.The common experience of over 28.000 Polish soldiers who have served in Afghanistan has found its reflection in reports, books and blogs written by the participants. These texts, though rather rare, contain specific vocabulary that has developed in Task Force White Eagle (names for weapons, mines, military actions, enemies, etc.). In this article, the language of the mission is analyzed and the question is raised about the possible functions of this specific jargon.

Struggling with Yugoslavism in the First Yugoslavia

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Ranka Gašić
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The debate over Yugoslav nationalism versus Serbian nationalism and the structure of the new Yugoslav state came to occupy a prominent place in the public discourse of the Belgrade political and intellectual elite at the end of the First World War and again before the start of the Second World War. The considerable prewar interest in Yugoslavism and some sort of Yugoslav state had not focused on the realistic challenges of including a large Croatian and Slovenian representation. The focus of this article is on the reaction of the Belgrade elite to these challenges, their major lines of division and agreement around the questions of centralism vs. federalism, and the national identity of Serbs, first in the new state and then in the later 1930s. Only then, after the efforts of King Aleksandar’s royal dictatorship to impose integral Yugoslavism had ended with his assassination, did the Belgrade elite turn to integral Serbian nationalism.

Disciplinary Uniformity in Uniform—A Success of the Human Rights Act 1998?

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gale
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
Military Discipline ◽  
First World

Apart from an awareness of shameful treatment to some shell-shocked soldiers on active duty in the First World War, the subjects of military discipline in general and courts-martial in particular are unlikely to permeate the consciousness of the public at large or, indeed, the vast majority of criminal lawyers. This article explores some of the history of both, the current position in relation to courts-martial and the planned reforms under the Armed Forces Act 2006. That the Human Rights Act 1998 exposed some of the anomalities and worst practices of courts-martial is undeniable. It seems equally likely that the 1998 Act was at least a catalyst for the wholesale review and modernisation of military discipline carried out by the 2006 Act.

Żydzi

1999 ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Jerzy Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Group ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This chapter considers a series of books, A to Polska właśnie (This is Indeed Poland). These books introduce their readers to various issues of interest to anyone studying Polish society. The chapter focuses on the volume Żydzi (The Jews), in particular, as it is the first to discuss an important group among Poland's population. The volume covers the period up to the second half of the eighteenth century, political and social problems from the second half of the eighteenth century until the end of the nineteenth, Jewish culture and religion in the nineteenth century, the period from the First World War until 1939, the Holocaust, and Jews in Poland after the Second World War. The chapter contends that this book should be regarded not as just one more study about Polish Jews, but as making a singular contribution to the promotion of knowledge about Jewish traditions, culture, and history in Poland.

On the Fence, Over the Fence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Given the significance of military training in shaping early archaeological practice, and the enthusiasm with which archaeologists have explored the remains of early conflict (from the Roman and medieval periods especially), it is surprising how long it has taken archaeologists to develop interest in more recent conflict. It seems to have taken the fiftieth anniversaries of the Second World War to inspire interest amongst professional archaeologists and across the heritage sector, following a longer history of amateur endeavour. This chapter briefly reviews these earlier histories of the subject, before focusing on some recent examples that illustrate the breadth of research and the opportunities it provides for public engagement. The role of anniversaries appears particularly relevant at the time of writing, with the centenary of the First World War. Alongside archaeological activities along the former Western Front, and in Jordan, an archaeological survey of the UK Home Front is under way.

The Origins of the Second World War

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-508
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Sontag
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alliance System ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Scholarly histories of the origins of the First World War began to appear within a few years of the close of hostilities. A dozen years later, the magisterial studies by Sidney B. Fay and Bernadotte E. Schmitt had appeared in this country, and comparable works had been completed by European scholars. It is now eighteen years since V E Day, but no studies comparable to Fay or Schmitt have appeared. In part this contrast is explained by the slowness with which the diplomatic papers concerning the years from 1919 to 1939 are being made available. Far more important, however, is the fact that scholars do not believe that a history of the origins of the Second World War can be written with substantial completeness from diplomatic records. In their studies of the years before 1914, Fay and Schmitt did consider subjects like nationalism and imperialism, but the thread that holds their story together is the history of negotiations between governments, and in particular the history of the European alliance system.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Economic Situation of Tyrol, Austria in Three Key Periods: 1908-1913, 1945-1950 and 2008-2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Dirk-Hinnerk Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Exclusive Focus

AbstractThe development of a formerly poor state in a great European power to a rich state in a small European country is remarkable. But the interest of this article is mainly on the methodology which is based on the exclusive focus on three key periods in the history of the observed region. This methodology leads to a very specific understanding of development and economic growth. The periods chosen in this example are the five years before the First World War, as it was a period of development and growth that in the end led to the fundamental crisis in the 20th century. The second period consists of five years following the Second World War. This period was crucial, as many fundamental developments were laid in this time. The final period begins with another big economic crisis in 2008. The selection is based on three rationales. First, it allows a comparison of how the population deals with crisis. Second, it provides a cross-section of over hundred years, and third, the topicality of these years increase the relevance of the paper.

scholarly journals Integration of Transylvania into Romania from the Perspective of Private Law (1918−1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Emőd Veress
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Private Law ◽  
World War ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

In the following study, we present the legal history of Transylvania following the unification of this territory with Romania at the end of the First World War, and until the installation in Romania of the Soviet-type dictatorship. The heterogeneity of the Romanian legal system resulting from the country’s territorial gains is discussed as well as the various attempts at integrating Transylvanian law into the nascent legal order of Greater Romania. We also present the short interregnum in which Hungarian private law was again applied between 1940 and 1944. The Romanian legislator, facing the imperative necessity of creating a unified national legal order, had the choice of two paths: extend the already outdated laws of the Old Kingdom of Romania to the newly acquired territories or adopt new unitary laws. Both paths were taken depending on the field of law and the historical period concerned, as presented. Finally, the legislator opted for the extension of the laws of the Old Kingdom at the end of the Second World War, even in fields where better-quality norms were enacted during the reign of King Carol II but were never implemented.

scholarly journals Dowód osobisty wzór 1928 – koncepcja, realizacja i przemiany

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Marian Łomnicki
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Document Design ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

W artykule omówiono historię wprowadzenia na ziemiach polskich w okresie po pierwszej wojnie światowej dokumentu poświadczającego tożsamość – dowodu osobistego. Szczegółowej analizie poddano formularz uchwalony rozporządzeniem Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej z 16 marca 1928 r. O ewidencji i kontroli ruchu ludności, czyli ogólnokrajowemu jednolitemu dokumentowi tożsamości zwanemu potocznie dowodem osobistym wzór 28. W tekście omówiono różnice w formularzach występujące w poszczególnych regionach Polski w okresie międzywojennym, a także przykłady wykorzystania formularzy przez władze okupacyjne w okresie Design of the 1928 identification document - concept, execution and transformation The article presents the history of a national identification document in Poland in the period after the First World War. Special emphasis is put on the form adopted by the presidential resolution on March 16, 1928 On registration and control of the movement of people, that is, the single national identification document design no. 28. The text discusses differences between various forms in particular regions of Poland in the inter-war period, and provides the examples of how the forms were used by Nazi authorities during the Second World War and by the authorities after the Second World War.

The Place of Home Rulers in Memoir, Commemoration and Public Discourse, 1922–5

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Martin O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
National League ◽  
First World

This chapter explores the place of the Irish Party in the public memory as well as the views of grassroots supporters in the state up to the formation of the Irish National League in 1926. There is detailed analysis of how the Irish Party and its leaders were remembered, including debate concerning how those from home rule backgrounds commemorated Ireland’s part in the First World War. However, pointing out that Great War commemorations extended beyond merely gatherings of former Irish Party followers, this chapter interrogates the phenomenon of Redmondite commemorations. This chapter argues that these events demonstrated a clear reservoir of support for John Redmond and the Irish Party in a state where it has previously been suggested that the former leader had been forgotten. This chapter also considers the extant networks of Irish Party supporters which persisted into the Free State such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians and the National Club.

Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Lana К. Khubaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First World

The article is devoted to the Vladikavkaz city Nikolaev school, which was opened in 1874. Documents preserved in the fund of the Public Schools Directorate of the Central State Archive (CSA) of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania indicate that the school was a male educational institution and the name of the school was named after Nikolai Ugodnik. The school was originally a four-year school, later, in 1897, it was transformed into a six-year school. It was subordinate to the Ministry of Public Education and the Directorate of public schools in the Terek region. On November 3, 1895, the Society for Aid to the Poorest Students of the Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School was officially registered at the school. The fact of the creation of such a Society testifies to the fact that the school was not intended exclusively for children of privileged classes. The October Revolution made great changes in the educational system established by this period. Many schools have ceased to function. The same fate befell the Nikolaev School, but not immediately. The educational institution managed to prepare several generations of graduates who continued their education in higher educational institutions before and post-revolutionary Russia. The Nikolaev school entered the history of Vladikavkaz as a source of enlightenment, thanks to which dozens of young people who did not live not only in Vladikavkaz, but also those who entered here from remote areas of the region received education. The school existed until 1921, having survived two Russian revolutions and the period of the First World War.

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