Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Lana К. Khubaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First World

The article is devoted to the Vladikavkaz city Nikolaev school, which was opened in 1874. Documents preserved in the fund of the Public Schools Directorate of the Central State Archive (CSA) of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania indicate that the school was a male educational institution and the name of the school was named after Nikolai Ugodnik. The school was originally a four-year school, later, in 1897, it was transformed into a six-year school. It was subordinate to the Ministry of Public Education and the Directorate of public schools in the Terek region. On November 3, 1895, the Society for Aid to the Poorest Students of the Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School was officially registered at the school. The fact of the creation of such a Society testifies to the fact that the school was not intended exclusively for children of privileged classes. The October Revolution made great changes in the educational system established by this period. Many schools have ceased to function. The same fate befell the Nikolaev School, but not immediately. The educational institution managed to prepare several generations of graduates who continued their education in higher educational institutions before and post-revolutionary Russia. The Nikolaev school entered the history of Vladikavkaz as a source of enlightenment, thanks to which dozens of young people who did not live not only in Vladikavkaz, but also those who entered here from remote areas of the region received education. The school existed until 1921, having survived two Russian revolutions and the period of the First World War.

Disciplinary Uniformity in Uniform—A Success of the Human Rights Act 1998?

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gale
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
Military Discipline ◽  
First World

Apart from an awareness of shameful treatment to some shell-shocked soldiers on active duty in the First World War, the subjects of military discipline in general and courts-martial in particular are unlikely to permeate the consciousness of the public at large or, indeed, the vast majority of criminal lawyers. This article explores some of the history of both, the current position in relation to courts-martial and the planned reforms under the Armed Forces Act 2006. That the Human Rights Act 1998 exposed some of the anomalities and worst practices of courts-martial is undeniable. It seems equally likely that the 1998 Act was at least a catalyst for the wholesale review and modernisation of military discipline carried out by the 2006 Act.

scholarly journals «NON-PROFESSORAL CORPORATION»: NON-ACADEMIC EMPLOYEES OF THE ODESA BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOCIETY (TO THE 110TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST ASSOCIATION OF BIBLIOLOGISTS IN UKRAINE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
O. Е. Muzychko
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Public Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Popularization Of Science ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
First World

The purpose of this article is to study how individuals who did not work in universities or academies, were teachers of secondary educational institutions, officials, and public figures took part in the activities of the Odesa Bibliographic Society. In the history of OBS, we can distinguish the following stages: 1) 1911–1914 – the stage of stability, prosperity; 2) 1914–1917 – the stage in the conditions of the first World War, which had a significant impact on the subject, personnel, etc.; 3) 1917–1919 – the period of crisis in the conditions of revolutionary events, when OBS increasingly operated not because of, but in spite of circumstances; 4) 1920–1923 – the period of adaptation to new conditions communist reality, where OBS acted as a bearer of previous traditions. In the end, this was led to the liquidation of the society in its original form, but, at the same time, in fact, the transformation into a Ukrainian bibliographic society, which largely continued the traditions of the “old”. During all these stages, non-academic individuals played an important role in the development of OBS. They participated in all aspects of the OBS’s activities, in particular, replenishing the society’s library, reading reports, and so on. Among them, a large and active group consisted of women, which was a unique phenomenon for the culture of Odessa. They were high school teachers, representatives of the city’s elite. A fairly active role in the life of society, in addition to Odesa members, was played by those who were outside of Odessa. Most often, such persons did not take an active part in societies. But MBT managed to break this trend, as evidenced by the examples of Londoner V. S. Isakovich, Petersburgers O. S. Partsevsky, O. Z. Popelnitsky, M. G. Martynov, a citizen of Riga V. E. Cheshikhin. For the trends of the beginning twentieth century, it is significant that exactly the involvement of non-academic members led to the transformation of OBS into one of the most prominent centers of popularization of Ukrainian culture in Odessa, that was most clearly reflected in the reports of L. O. Chizhikov, S. P. Shelukhin, N. M. Lazurskaya, O. O. Smirnitsky, A. P. Milskaya and others. Thus, we have an example of successful activity of a scientific society, primarily due to the expansion of its social base and the involvement of the public. Popularization of science, blurring the line between “heavy” science for science and public science is quite modern, relevant trend that has both pros and cons. Historical experience should contribute to the development of the most successful approaches.

Unrecognized Disarmament

PMLA ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Bayard Quincy Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Boards ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
As If

My older hearers will recall that after the First World War a number of our state legislatures and our school boards prohibited the teaching of German in the public schools. Today, I think, most of us would consider such a prohibition with regard to Russian, for instance, absurd and self-defeating. Even the man in the street could be made to see that it would be as if a regiment in the trenches, knowing that the enemy was preparing for an offensive, were ordered to close its eyes, so that it couldn't see what direction the attack was to take.

scholarly journals The Press Bureau, ‘D’ Notices, and Official Control of the British Press's Record of the First World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David Monger
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Official Control ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Manipulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

Abstract Concerns about fake news and media manipulation are commonplace in contemporary society, and, throughout the twentieth century, historians regularly presented the First World War as an era of manipulated public messages. Yet, despite broad statements about the impact of press censorship in First World War Britain, publication of an official history of the ‘D’ notice system, and growing revision of historical understanding of the interaction between the state, the press, propaganda, and the public during the war, no thorough assessment of the content of the D notices issued by the Press Bureau to newspaper editors has been undertaken. This article provides a thorough analysis of the more than seven hundred notices issued during the war years. While drawing attention to several exceptions which exceeded plausible claims of a threat to security, it argues that most notices genuinely sought to protect potentially dangerous information and that casual assumptions about misleading state press management are not borne out by a close reading of the actual notices issued.

scholarly journals War jargon of a peace mission: the case of the polish army contingent in Afghanistan (2002 – 2014)

Linguistica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Alicja Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Task Force ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

In the centenary of the First World War many historical studies concerning the period between 1914 and 1918 and its consequences have appeared in France. Many of these are also interested in the public discourse of this time and its language, especially the lexicon. There is no doubt that it is not only the history of the country and of its citizens that has been marked by the war, but also the French vocabulary. Numerous dictionaries containing war vocabulary have been published in recent years, while others are still being prepared, and all of them prove the existence of an indissoluble bond between the history of a community and its language.The horror of the First and Second World Wars did not cause the world to abandon military conflicts. They continued over the whole 20th century and have not ceased at the beginning of the third millennium. Poland, which since 1945 has not been involved in international military conflicts on its own territory, has nonetheless taken part in the so-called local wars, among them the recent (2002-2014) war in Afghanistan. The majority of Polish society (70-80%) has never accepted the engagement of national forces in this conflict, even though it used to be called “a peaceful mission”.The common experience of over 28.000 Polish soldiers who have served in Afghanistan has found its reflection in reports, books and blogs written by the participants. These texts, though rather rare, contain specific vocabulary that has developed in Task Force White Eagle (names for weapons, mines, military actions, enemies, etc.). In this article, the language of the mission is analyzed and the question is raised about the possible functions of this specific jargon.

scholarly journals La preocupació per la formació inicial dels mestres: una invariant pedagògica europea de l’era contemporània. Entre el passat i el futur.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begoña Román Maestre ◽  
Jordi Garcia Farrero ◽  
Isabel Vilafranca Manguán
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
First World War ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Good Teacher ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First World

Undoubtedly, the initial education of teachers has been a constant concern of contemporary society since the end of the First World War, as evidenced in the constant emergence of new pedagogical thought, discourse and educational institutions that highlight the need for pedagogical renewal at the initial stages of teacher education. Throughout this period, good teacher education has remained key in the belief that school must transform society if democracy is to be safeguarded. At an international level, this has been defended by educational theorists of the calibre of Eduard Spranger and Georg Kerschensteiner; in Catalonia, it is seen in the work of Joan Bardina’s “Escola de Mestres” (1906–1910), the Catalan government’s “Escola Normal” (1931–1939) and the University of Barcelona’s ”Seminari de Pedagogia” (1930–1939). The article looks at the history of this concern, from its origins at the beginning of the last century to the present day, and concludes by proposing what the initial stages of teacher education will need in the future.

scholarly journals From the History of the Consulate General of the Republic of Armenia in Odessa (1918-1920)

2017 ◽  
pp. 425-435
Author(s):  
David Davtyan
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First World

The history of the Armenian diplomatic missions in Ukraine and the history of the establishment and formation of bilateral relations of the two post-imperial states for many years did not generate interest among researchers. The article describes the prerequisites for the formation of the Consulate General of the Republic of Armenia in Odessa, the operation periods and the main activities of the institution. One of the main problems that emerged in the years under consideration and require decisions be put off was the question of the evacuation of the Armenian refugees - victims of genocide in the Ottoman Empire, who have found salvation in Odessa, prisoners of war and demobilized officers and soldiers returning from the First World War.

scholarly journals Organizacja więziennictwa polskiego (1918-1939)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Chmielewski ◽  
Maciej Pająk
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
First World

Recovering after the partition period, the Polish state faced many challenges and one of them definitely was the penitentiary policy. Among the legacies of the period of partition were three different prison systems and different regulations in the field of penitentiary law. The main task of the Polish legislator was to unify the national prison system by taking into account not only the specificity of the existing solutions but also the achievementsof the contemporary penitentiary. The purpose of the paper is to present the history of the organization of the Polish prison system between 1918 and 1939 in more detail. It is necessary to describe the political situation in the Polish lands during the final years of the First World War which significantly influenced the different character of the institutions in the Polish territories.The reflections on the organization of the Polish prisons during the interwar period will be centered around the following issues: taking over prisons by the Polish authorities, systematic unification of the structure of the prison system, prison stratification, the legal status of the prison staff, the education system of prison officers as well as the system of supervision of the execution of prison sentences. The literature on the subject highlights the importance of the international penitentiary congresses for the development of the penitentiary law in the interwar period. The contribution of the Polish delegations to the works of the London, Prague and Berlincongresses was significant. Taking into account the importance of the resolutions of the congresses, the paper will present the participation of Poles in the debates. Research methodology is based on the analysis of normative acts devoted to the organization of the Polish prison system between 1918 and 1939. The following are among the analyzed elements: the decree on the provisional prison regulations of the 8th of February1919, the regulation by the President of the Republic of Poland on the organization of the prison system of the 7th of March 1928, the regulation by the Minister of Justice on the rules and regulations of the prison system of the 20th of June 1931, the regulation by the President of the Republic of Poland on the Prison Guard of the 23rd of August 1932, and the act on the organization of the prisoner system of the 26th of July 1939. Memories ofpersons involved in prison activity and publications pertaining to penitentiary law issues from the interwar period were also used to prepare this article.

Overcoming History through Trauma. The Hungarian Historikerstreit

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Public Memory ◽  
First World War ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
World War ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

In the mid-summer of 2012, a sort of Historikerstreit broke out in Hungary. The main topics of the controversy were the language of and the attitude to the history of the Holocaust. In what follows I will argue that the Hungarian Historikerstreit is closely related to both the renaissance of the Horthy era (1920–1944) in current Hungarian politics and the ambivalent attitude towards the Holocaust in public memory. Since 2010, Hungary has celebrated ‘Trianon commemoration day’, remembering on the peace treaty of Trianon after the First World War. In today’s Hungary, Trianon seems to be a permanent trauma of the nation not only in the public memory but also in history writing. In spite of the fact that many respected scholars argue that currently the construction of the trauma of Trianon has a hegemonic position in Hungarian social memory and that the Holocaust cannot compete with it, I will show that the Trianon trauma is a construction of the current politics of history, which overshadows the tragic experiences of the First World War. Moreover, Trianon and the Holocaust are strongly interconnected historical events, which cannot be understood separately.

Socio-political and confessional preconditions of the birth of the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church in Western Ukraine (20-30 years of the twentieth century)

2000 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
R. Soloviy
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
First World

In the history of religious organizations of Western Ukraine in the 20-30th years of the XX century. The activity of such an early protestant denominational formation as the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church occupies a prominent position. Among UCRC researchers there are several approaches to the preconditions for the birth of the Ukrainian Calvinistic movement in Western Ukraine. In particular, O. Dombrovsky, studying the historical preconditions for the formation of the UREC in Western Ukraine, expressed the view that the formation of the Calvinist cell should be considered in the broad context of the Ukrainian national revival of the 19th and 20th centuries, a new assessment of the religious factor in public life proposed by the Ukrainian radical activists ( M. Drahomanov, I. Franko, M. Pavlik), and significant socio-political, national-cultural and spiritual shifts caused by the events of the First World War. Other researchers of Ukrainian Calvinism, who based their analysis on the confessional-polemical approach (I.Vlasovsky, M.Stepanovich), interpreted Protestantism in Ukraine as a product of Western cultural and religious influences, alien to Ukrainian spirituality and culture.

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