Analysis of input demand by smallholder cotton producers in eastern Uganda.

Abstract Background Globally, 15 million neonates are born prematurely every year, over half in low income countries (LICs). Premature and low birth weight neonates have a higher risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). There are minimal data regarding IVH in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to examine the incidence, severity and timing of and modifiable risk factors for IVH amongst low-birth-weight neonates in Uganda. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of neonates with birthweights of ≤2000 g admitted to a neonatal unit (NU) in a regional referral hospital in eastern Uganda. Maternal data were collected from interviews and medical records. Neonates had cranial ultrasound (cUS) scans on the day of recruitment and days 3, 7 and 28 after birth. Risk factors were tabulated and are presented alongside odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for IVH incidence. Outcomes included incidence, timing and severity of IVH and 28-day survival. Results Overall, 120 neonates were recruited. IVH was reported in 34.2% of neonates; 19.2% had low grade (Papile grades 1–2) and 15% had high grade (Papile grades 3–4). Almost all IVH (90.2%) occurred by day 7, including 88.9% of high grade IVH. Of those with known outcomes, 70.4% (81/115) were alive on day 28 and survival was not associated with IVH. We found that vaginal delivery, gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks and resuscitation in the NU increased the odds of IVH. Of the 6 neonates who received 2 doses of antenatal steroids, none had IVH. Conclusion In this resource limited NU in eastern Uganda, more than a third of neonates born weighing ≤2000 g had an IVH and the majority of these occurred by day 7. We found that vaginal birth, earlier gestation and need for resuscitation after admission to the NU increased the risk of IVH. This study had a high rate of SGA neonates and the risk factors and relationship of these factors with IVH in this setting needs further investigation. The role of antenatal steroids in the prevention of IVH in LICs also needs urgent exploration.

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Commercial Sugarcane Farming in Eastern Uganda: the answer to vulnerable youth?

Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review ◽

10.1353/eas.2021.0000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Kassim Mwanika ◽

Andrew Ellias State ◽

Peter Atekyereza ◽

Torun Osterberg

Keyword(s):

Vulnerable Youth ◽

Sugarcane Farming ◽

Eastern Uganda

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THE FIRM AS A NEXUS OF STRATEGIES

International Game Theory Review ◽

10.1142/s0219198904000344 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

pp. 525-554

Author(s):

GREGORY K. DOW

Keyword(s):

Repeated Game ◽

Standard View ◽

Team Members ◽

Technology Firms ◽

Outside Options ◽

Side Payments ◽

Input Demand ◽

General Production ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Incentive Constraint

This paper replaces the standard view of the firm as a nexus of contracts with a repeated game framework where input contributions and side payments are self-enforced. General production technologies and flexible transfers among team members are allowed. When an incentive constraint binds, input demand and output supply are influenced by the discount factor, the probability of exogenous team dissolution, and the aggregate value of outside options. When this incentive constraint does not bind, the firm maximizes profit in the usual way. I discuss examples involving the Cobb-Douglas technology, firms with a single residual claimant, and partnerships.

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“… I would have left that man long time ago but, …” exploring circumstances of and motivators for repeat adolescent birth in Eastern Uganda

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00662-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dinah Amongin ◽

Frank Kaharuza ◽

Claudia Hanson ◽

Annettee Nakimuli ◽

Susan Mutesi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Dropping Out ◽

First Birth ◽

Economic Distress ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Long Time ◽

Adolescent Birth ◽

Unprotected Sexual Activity ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background First birth before 18 years has declined in Uganda unlike repeat adolescent birth (=second or more births before age 20 years). We explored the circumstances of and motivators for repeat adolescent birth in Eastern Uganda. Methods Between January and March 2020, we conducted a qualitative study involving 70 individual in-depth interviews with purposively selected respondents - 20-25-year-old women with and without repeat adolescent birth, their partners, and parents, in the communities of Teso sub-region. We conducted latent content analysis. Results Four major themes emerged: poverty, vulnerability, domestic violence, and demotivators. Sub-themes identified under poverty were: “limited provisions”, “peasantry”, “large families”, “dropping out of school”, “alcohol abuse”, and “broken family structure”. Vulnerability included “marital entrapment” and “partner coercion”. Demotivators included: “abandonment”, “stern warning”, “objection to marriage”, and “empowerment”. Extreme poverty resulted in inadequate provision of basic needs leading to unprotected sexual activity in a bid to secure financial support. Following the first birth, more than three quarters of the women with repeat adolescent birth reported increased economic distress that forced them to remain in unwanted marriage/union, often characterized by partner coercion, despite wanting to delay that repeat birth. Women without repeat adolescent birth avoided a second birth by empowerment through: an economic activity, contraception use, and resumption of schooling. Conclusion Repeat adolescent birth in Uganda is premised around attempts to address the economic distress precipitated by first birth. Many women want to delay that repeat birth but the challenges robbed them of their reproductive autonomy. Beyond efforts to prevent first birth, programs need to address economic empowerment, ensure contraceptive access, and school re-integration for adolescent mothers in order to prevent shortly-spaced repeat births.

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Teaching multilingual literacy in Ugandan classrooms: The promise of the African Storybook

Applied Linguistics Review ◽

10.1515/applirev-2020-2006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Bonny Norton ◽

Juliet Tembe

Keyword(s):

Classroom Management ◽

Primary School ◽

Early Literacy ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Collaborative Work ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Link Type ◽

Eastern Uganda

AbstractFor over a decade, the authors have worked collaboratively to better understand and address the challenges and possibilities of promoting multilingual literacy in Uganda, a country of over 44 million people where over 40 African languages are spoken and English is the official language. This article focuses on the diverse ways that teachers promote early literacy in large multilingual classrooms, and how the innovative African Storybook digital initiative might support primary school teachers in both rural and urban areas. We begin the article with a description of our collaborative work on the African Storybook (http://www.africanstorybook.org/) and one of its derivatives, Storybooks Uganda (https://global-asp.github.io/storybooks-uganda/). Then, drawing on a collaborative study of primary school classrooms in eastern Uganda, we analyze four common strategies that Ugandan teachers use to promote multilingual literacy in their classrooms: the use of the mother tongue as a resource; songs and multimodality; translanguaging; and linguistic strategies for classroom management. We follow this with a discussion of a 2015 teacher education workshop in eastern Uganda, which illustrates how the African Storybook can help support Ugandan teachers as they navigate the challenges of large classrooms. We conclude that the African Storybook has much promise for addressing the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

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Keeping water from kiosks clean: Strategies for reducing recontamination during transport and storage in Eastern Uganda

Water Research X ◽

10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 100079

Author(s):

Nicola Gärtner ◽

Laura Germann ◽

Kennedy Wanyama ◽

Henry Ouma ◽

Regula Meierhofer

Keyword(s):

And Storage ◽

Eastern Uganda

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Balancing the cost of leaving with the cost of living: drivers of long-term retention of health workers: an explorative study in three rural districts in Eastern Uganda

Global Health Action ◽

10.1080/16549716.2017.1345494 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (sup4) ◽

pp. 1345494 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suzanne Namusoke Kiwanuka ◽

Martha Akulume ◽

Moses Tetui ◽

Rornald Muhumuza Kananura ◽

John Bua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Cost Of Living ◽

Rural Districts ◽

Explorative Study ◽

Term Retention ◽

Long Term Retention ◽

The Cost ◽

Eastern Uganda

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Land conflicts and social differentiation in eastern Uganda

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x1700026x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 395-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matt Kandel

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Local Level ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Social Differentiation ◽

Land Conflicts ◽

Current Period ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Historical Developments ◽

Eastern Uganda

ABSTRACTRising competition and conflict over land in rural sub-Saharan Africa continues to attract the attention of researchers. Recent work has especially focused on land governance, post-conflict restructuring of tenure relations, and large-scale land acquisitions. A less researched topic as of late, though one deserving of greater consideration, pertains to how social differentiation on the local-level shapes relations to land, and how these processes are rooted in specific historical developments. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Teso sub-region of eastern Uganda, this paper analyses three specific land conflicts and situates them within a broad historical trajectory. I show how each dispute illuminates changes in class relations in Teso since the early 1990s. I argue that this current period of socioeconomic transformation, which includes the formation of a more clearly defined sub-regional middle class and elite, constitutes the most prominent period of social differentiation in Teso since the early 20th century.

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