scholarly journals Municipal water resources management: evaluation of water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi Town, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Sylvester Odiana ◽  
Monday Onoja ◽  
Ernest Ebun-Igbeare
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Car Wash

Car wash can be defined as a facility used to clean the exterior and in some cases, the interior of motor vehicles. These facilities are common in Bauchi and other cities in Nigeria. They use water as a major input thereby causing serious challenges to water resources management. Car wash facilities in Bauchi depend on municipal water supply by water board. The study aimed at determining the rate of municipal water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi. It was carried out by measuring the volume of water used in washing cars by some selected car wash facilities in the town using both bucket and hose methods. The data collected were analysed using statistical method such as random sampling techniques and simple descriptive method like Tables, Figures and mean. The result shows that 1,710,091.2L is withdrawn daily from the municipal water supply by car wash facilities. This is more than the quantity of water serving zone ‘L’ of the 16-zones of Bauchi Water Demand Zones. It also shows that the use of hose consume 441.2L/day and the use of bucket consume 115.5L/day which indicate that more water is wasted using hose method. Therefore, car wash facilities consume significant amount of water supplied by the Water Board. If the current trend continues and with the proliferation of car wash in Bauchi, there will be water shortage to the populace who are the primary beneficiaries.Keywords: car wash, Bauchi, input,Water Board, consumption, volume

Integrated water resources management in the Ruhr River Basin, Germany

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bode ◽  
P. Evers ◽  
D.R. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The People

The Ruhr, with an average flow of 80.5 m3/s at its mouth, is a comparatively small tributary to the Rhine River that has to perform an important task: to secure the water supply of more than 5 million people and of the industry in the densely populated region north of the river. The complex water management system and network applied by the Ruhrverband in the natural Ruhr River Basin has been developed step by step, over decades since 1913. And from the beginning, its major goal has been to achieve optimal conditions for the people living in the region. For this purpose, a functional water supply and wastewater disposal infrastructure has been built up. The development of these structures required and still requires multi-dimensional planning and performance. Since the river serves as receiving water and at the same time as a source of drinking water, the above-standard efforts of Ruhrverband for cleaner water also help to conserve nature and wildlife. Ruhrverband has summed up its environmental awareness in the slogan: “For the people and for the environment”. This basic water philosophy, successfully applied to the Ruhr for more than 80 years, will be continued in accordance with the new European Water Framework Directive, enacted in 2000, which demands integrated water resources management in natural river basins, by including the good ecological status of surface waterbodies as an additional goal.

The Regulation and Management of Water Resources in Groundwater Over-extraction Area based on ET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fawen li ◽  
Wenhui Yan ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Rengui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Crop Water Consumption

Abstract Because of the shortage of water resources, the phenomenon of groundwater over-extraction is widespread in many parts of the world, which has become a hot issue to be solved. The traditional idea of water resources management only considering blue water (stream flow) can't meet the demand of sustainable utilization of water resources. Blue water accounts for less than 40% of total rainfall, while green water (evapotranspiration) accounts for more than 60% of total rainfall. In the natural environment, vegetation growth mainly depends on green water, which is often neglected. Obviously, the traditional water resources management without considering green water has obvious deficiencies, which can't really reflect the regional water consumption situation in the water resources management. And only by limiting water consumption can achieve the real water saving. In addition, the mode of water resources development and utilization has changed from "supply according to demand" to "demand according to supply". In this background, for many regions with limited water resources, it is impossible to rely on excessive water intake for development, and sustainable development of regional can only be realized by truly controlling water demand. This paper chooses Shijin Irrigation District in the North China Plain as the research area, where agricultural water consumption is high and groundwater over-extraction is serious, and ecological environment is bad. In order to alleviate this situation, comprehensive regulation of water resources based ET is necessary. Therefore, this paper focuses on the concept of ET water resources management and includes green water into water resources assessment. Based on the principle of water balance, the target ET value of crops in the study area is calculated, and the ET value is taken as the target of water resources regulation. The actual water consumption is calculated by Penman-Monteith formula, and reduction of crop water consumption is obtained according to the difference between actual ET and target ET. The reduction in crop water consumption leads to a reduction in demand for water supply, which reduces groundwater extraction. The results of this study can provide necessary technical support for solving the problem of groundwater over-extraction and realizing real water saving.

scholarly journals Removable Weighing Lysimeter for Use in Horticultural Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4865
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Nicolás-Cuevas ◽  
Dolores Parras-Burgos ◽  
Manuel Soler-Méndez ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Canales ◽  
José Miguel Molina-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

Water resources management is a priority issue in agriculture, especially in areas with water supply problems. Recently, one of the most widespread technologies for measuring crop water requirements are weighing lysimeters. Nevertheless, this type of lysimeters are of large dimensions and require a civil work for their installation. In this article, we present a weighing lysimeter prototype (1000 × 600 mm and 350 mm depth) designed to be used in agricultural farming of horticultural crops. We described the design details that includes ease of assembly, carriage and minimum soil alteration. Structural design results and construction process are also provided showing their performance under different tractors scenarios. The measurements accuracy results show the outcomes of the prototype after being tested. Finally, we discuss our design and measurements results by comparing them with other weighing lysimeters. In comparison, the prototype designed is an accurate and reliable device which reduces the surface and depth of the current weighing lysimeters.

scholarly journals Optimization of Water-Supply and Hydropower Reservoir Operation Using the Charged System Search Algorithm

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Asadieh ◽  
Abbas Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Charged System Search ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Charged System

The Charged System Search (CSS) metaheuristic algorithm is introduced to the field of water resources management and applied to derive water-supply and hydro-power operating policies for a large-scale real-world reservoir system. The optimum algorithm parameters for each reservoir operation problems are also obtained via a tuning procedure. The CSS algorithm is a metaheuristic optimization method inspired by the governing laws of electrostatics in physics and motion from the Newtonian mechanics. In this study, the CSS algorithm’s performance has been tested with benchmark problems, consisting of highly non-linear constrained and/or unconstrained real-valued mathematical models, such as the Ackley’s function and Fletcher–Powell function. The CSS algorithm is then used to optimally solve the water-supply and hydropower operation of “Dez” reservoir in southern Iran over three different operation periods of 60, 240, and 480 months, and the results are presented and compared with those obtained by other available optimization approaches including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Constrained Big Bang–Big Crunch (CBB–BC) algorithm, as well as those obtained by gradient-based Non-Linear Programming (NLP) approach. The results demonstrate the robustness and superiority of the CSS algorithm in solving long term reservoir operation problems, compared to alternative methods. The CSS algorithm is used for the first time in the field of water resources management, and proves to be a robust, accurate, and fast convergent method in handling complex problems in this filed. The application of this approach in other water management problems such as multi-reservoir operation and conjunctive surface/ground water resources management remains to be studied.

scholarly journals CONSOLIDATION OF ENTERPRISES OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER OF UKRAINE WITHIN THE RIVER BASINS: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8(48)) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Iryna Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
State Water ◽  
Water Companies

The article describes the peculiarities of implementation of the watershed management of water resources management in Ukraine under the conditions of reforming the state water management system, the sphere of water supply and wastewater. The connection between the implementation of the basin principle of water resources management and the search for an effective model of management of water supply and wastewater enterprises are determined. The article deals with the peculiarities of the existing management of the water supply and wastewater system of the country according to the administrative-territorial principle, presents a map of Ukraine by regional division, shows the population of the regions, the number of water supply and wastewater companies operating in the regions, lists the basic water supply and wastewater enterprises. The hydrographic map of Ukraine is presented, it is stated that the modern administrative- territorial division of the territory of Ukraine does not coincide with the hydrographic boundaries of the basins of water bodies of Ukraine, which also complicates the implementation of integrated management in the water sphere. The author of the article proposes to solve the issues of management and production efficiency of water supply and wastewater enterprises by consolidation of water supply and wastewater companies within river basins, separate territories (or regionalization of water supply and wastewater services) and creation of regional water companies on their basis. The article describes the advantages of consolidation of water supply and wastewater companies and gives examples of such consolidation in Ukraine and the prospects for its further implementation.

scholarly journals Implementing integrated water resources management locally in rural catchments: Lessons from eastern Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Khaled Mokhtar ◽  
St John Day
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Challenging Environment

Abstract Sudan is a vulnerable and challenging environment as a result of its climate, hydrology, and hydrogeology. Other entrenched human factors, such as authoritarian rule, limited historical investment in rural water services and the gradual decline of national institutions make it particularly difficult. This has manifested itself today into low levels of water supply coverage particularly amongst rural communities. Trust between rural communities in Kassala and government institutions has also declined for those left behind in rural hinterlands. Providing sustainable and resilient water services in rural Sudan is difficult work, not least because of high rainfall variability, inadequate infrastructure and the lack of continuous external support to communities when problems arise. This paper describes efforts to strengthen links between water resources management and WASH, and the challenges faced when national institutions responsible for water resources and water supply are weak. It documents recent efforts to ensure water supply services can provide water year round and increase collaboration between rural communities and mandated government authorities. It is intended to be read by government personnel, non-governmental organisations and other staff that are directly involved in implementing integrated water resource management programmes in complex environments.

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