The Regulation and Management of Water Resources in Groundwater Over-extraction Area based on ET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fawen li ◽  
Wenhui Yan ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Rengui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Crop Water Consumption

Abstract Because of the shortage of water resources, the phenomenon of groundwater over-extraction is widespread in many parts of the world, which has become a hot issue to be solved. The traditional idea of water resources management only considering blue water (stream flow) can't meet the demand of sustainable utilization of water resources. Blue water accounts for less than 40% of total rainfall, while green water (evapotranspiration) accounts for more than 60% of total rainfall. In the natural environment, vegetation growth mainly depends on green water, which is often neglected. Obviously, the traditional water resources management without considering green water has obvious deficiencies, which can't really reflect the regional water consumption situation in the water resources management. And only by limiting water consumption can achieve the real water saving. In addition, the mode of water resources development and utilization has changed from "supply according to demand" to "demand according to supply". In this background, for many regions with limited water resources, it is impossible to rely on excessive water intake for development, and sustainable development of regional can only be realized by truly controlling water demand. This paper chooses Shijin Irrigation District in the North China Plain as the research area, where agricultural water consumption is high and groundwater over-extraction is serious, and ecological environment is bad. In order to alleviate this situation, comprehensive regulation of water resources based ET is necessary. Therefore, this paper focuses on the concept of ET water resources management and includes green water into water resources assessment. Based on the principle of water balance, the target ET value of crops in the study area is calculated, and the ET value is taken as the target of water resources regulation. The actual water consumption is calculated by Penman-Monteith formula, and reduction of crop water consumption is obtained according to the difference between actual ET and target ET. The reduction in crop water consumption leads to a reduction in demand for water supply, which reduces groundwater extraction. The results of this study can provide necessary technical support for solving the problem of groundwater over-extraction and realizing real water saving.

scholarly journals Water saving through international trade of agricultural products

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chapagain ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Global Water ◽  
National Water

Abstract. Many nations save domestic water resources by importing water-intensive products and exporting commodities that are less water intensive. National water saving through the import of a product can imply saving water at a global level if the flow is from sites with high to sites with low water productivity. The paper analyses the consequences of international virtual water flows on the global and national water budgets. The assessment shows that the total amount of water that would have been required in the importing countries if all imported agricultural products would have been produced domestically is 1605 Gm3/yr. These products are however being produced with only 1253 Gm3/yr in the exporting countries, saving global water resources by 352 Gm3/yr. This saving is 28 per cent of the international virtual water flows related to the trade of agricultural products and 6 per cent of the global water use in agriculture. National policy makers are however not interested in global water savings but in the status of national water resources. Egypt imports wheat and in doing so saves 3.6 Gm3/yr of its national water resources. Water use for producing export commodities can be beneficial, as for instance in Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Brazil, where the use of green water resources (mainly through rain-fed agriculture) for the production of stimulant crops for export has a positive economic impact on the national economy. However, export of 28 Gm3/yr of national water from Thailand related to rice export is at the cost of additional pressure on its blue water resources. Importing a product which has a relatively high ratio of green to blue virtual water content saves global blue water resources that generally have a higher opportunity cost than green water.

scholarly journals Removable Weighing Lysimeter for Use in Horticultural Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4865
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Nicolás-Cuevas ◽  
Dolores Parras-Burgos ◽  
Manuel Soler-Méndez ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Canales ◽  
José Miguel Molina-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

Water resources management is a priority issue in agriculture, especially in areas with water supply problems. Recently, one of the most widespread technologies for measuring crop water requirements are weighing lysimeters. Nevertheless, this type of lysimeters are of large dimensions and require a civil work for their installation. In this article, we present a weighing lysimeter prototype (1000 × 600 mm and 350 mm depth) designed to be used in agricultural farming of horticultural crops. We described the design details that includes ease of assembly, carriage and minimum soil alteration. Structural design results and construction process are also provided showing their performance under different tractors scenarios. The measurements accuracy results show the outcomes of the prototype after being tested. Finally, we discuss our design and measurements results by comparing them with other weighing lysimeters. In comparison, the prototype designed is an accurate and reliable device which reduces the surface and depth of the current weighing lysimeters.

Estimation of crop water requirements using remote sensing for operational water resources management

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lampros Vasiliades ◽  
Marios Spiliotopoulos ◽  
John Tzabiras ◽  
Athanasios Loukas ◽  
Nikitas Mylopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Crop Water Requirements

Administration of water resources in Beijing: problems and countermeasures

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Fan ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Wenli Lai ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Law Construction

It is well recognized that climatic variability and human activities are resulting in severe water scarcity in China, especially in the mega city Beijing; one important issue is how to manage water resources in order to tackle this situation. This paper assesses the implementation of the Strictest Administration of Water Resources in Beijing, which was issued by the State Council of China in 2012. The assessment is threefold: (a) analysis of water consumption conditions in Beijing, (b) analysis of water resources management systems in Beijing, and (c) existing problems in the current water management system. Our study suggests that Beijing needs to focus more on improving the building of water resources management agencies, taking effective economic measures, strengthening law construction, developing advanced techniques for water-saving, and strengthening the building of a water-saving culture.

Water Footprint

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite M. Aldaya ◽  
M. Ramón Llamas ◽  
Arjen Y. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Please check back later for the full article. The water footprint concept broadens the scope of traditional national and corporate water accounting as it has been previously known. It highlights the ways in which water consuming and polluting activities relate to the structure of the global economy, opening a window of opportunity to increase transparency and improve water management along whole-production and supply chains. This concept adds a new dimension to integrated water resources management in a globalized world. The water footprint is a relatively recent indicator. Created in 2002, it aims to quantify the effect of consumption and trade on the use of water resources. Specifically, the water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that considers both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. For instance, the water footprint of a product refers to the volume of freshwater used to produce the product, tracing the origin of raw material and ingredients along their respective supply chains. This novel indirect component of water use in supply chains is, in many cases, the greatest share of water use, for example, in the food and beverage sector and the apparel industry. Water footprint assessment shows the full water balance, with water consumption and pollution components specified geographically and temporally and with water consumption specified by type of source (e.g., rainwater, groundwater, or surface water). It introduces three components: 1. The blue water footprint refers to the consumption of blue water resources (i.e., surface and groundwater including natural freshwater lakes, manmade reservoirs, rivers, and aquifers) along the supply chain of a product, versus the traditional and restricted water withdrawal measure. 2. The green water footprint refers to consumption through transpiration or evaporation of green water resources (i.e., soilwater originating from rainwater). Green water maintains natural vegetation (e.g., forests, meadows, scrubland, tundra) and rain-fed agriculture, yet plays an important role in most irrigated agriculture as well. Importantly, this kind of water is not quantified in most traditional agricultural water use analyses. 3. The grey water footprint refers to pollution and is defined as the volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants given natural concentrations for naturally occurring substances and existing ambient water-quality standards. The water footprint concept has been incorporated into public policies and international standards. In 2011, the Water Footprint Network adopted the Water Footprint Assessment Manual, which provides a standardized method and guidelines. In 2014, the International Organization for Standardization adopted a life cycle-based ISO 14046 standard for the water footprint; it offers guidelines to integrate water footprint analysis in life-cycle assessment for products. In practice, water footprint assessment generally results in increased awareness of critical elements in a supply chain, such as hotspots that deserve most attention, and what can be done to improve water management in those hotspots. Water footprint assessment, including the estimation of virtual water trade, applied in different countries and contexts, is producing new data and bringing larger perspectives that, in many cases, lead to a better understanding of the drivers behind water scarcity.

scholarly journals Water saving through international trade of agricultural products

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chapagain ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Global Water ◽  
National Water

Abstract. Many nations save domestic water resources by importing water-intensive products and exporting commodities that are less water intensive. National water saving through the import of a product can imply saving water at a global level if the flow is from sites with high to sites with low water productivity. The paper analyses the consequences of international virtual water flows on the global and national water budgets. The assessment shows that the total amount of water that would have been required in the importing countries if all imported agricultural products would have been produced domestically is 1605 Gm3/yr. These products are however being produced with only 1253 Gm3/yr in the exporting countries, saving global water resources by 352 Gm3/yr. This saving is 28% of the international virtual water flows related to the trade of agricultural products and 6% of the global water use in agriculture. National policy makers are however not interested in global water savings but in the status of national water resources. Egypt imports wheat and in doing so saves 3.6 Gm3/yr of its national water resources. Water use for producing export commodities can be beneficial, as for instance in Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Brazil, where the use of green water resources (mainly through rain-fed agriculture) for the production of stimulant crops for export has a positive economic impact on the national economy. However, export of 28 Gm3/yr of national water from Thailand related to rice export is at the cost of additional pressure on its blue water resources. Importing a product which has a relatively high ratio of green to blue virtual water content saves global blue water resources that generally have a higher opportunity cost than green water.

scholarly journals Application of networked water balance model in refined management of steel industrial park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Wang ◽  
Linyuan Li ◽  
Wentao He ◽  
Xinli Zhang ◽  
Xuanjin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Industrial Parks

Abstract Water shortages has become a major constraint on China's industrial development. Iron and steel industrial parks have a huge demand for water resources and complex production technologies. Therefore, it is very important to study the distribution, transfer and loss of water resources in industrial parks in order to improve the ability of refined water resources management. The purpose of this study is to reveal the water flow in industrial parks by using the principle of water balance and to provide a method for quantification and characteristic recognition of water resources in industrial production processes. In this research, an iron and steel industrial in North China was chosen as the case study. In order to calculate the water balance of the whole steel production processes, the industrial park was divided into 4 levels and 110 water units according to the pipe network system and production processes. Based on the results of multi-level and multi-node water balance, this paper analyzed the water intake structure and water consumption structure of industrial parks, and provided the methods to optimize the allocation of water resources and reduce the consumption of fresh water in industrial production process. The results of the study showed that the energy department accounted for 60.8% of the total water withdrawal of the industrial park. There was 6,249 m3/day of fresh water in the industrial park, which can be replaced by reclaimed water from urban sewage. Evaporation and pipe network leakage were the main water consumption factors in the steel park, which contribute 91.3% of the water consumption. Under the guidance of the research results, the evaporation water consumption of the industrial park was reduced by 8,412 m3/day, and pipe leakage was reduced by 600 m3/day. This article demonstrates the application of water balance principle in complex water use systems, which is helpful for water resources management based on water use process.

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