Antiretroviral Therapy in the Malawi Police Force: Access to Therapy and Treatment Outcomes

Objectives This study evaluates the effect of Community Anti-retroviral Groups on Immunologic, Virologic and clinical outcomes of stable Antiretroviral Therapy patients in Nigeria. Method A cohort of 251 eligible adults (≥18 years) on first-line ART for at least 6 months with CD4 counts >200 cells/mm3 and viral load <1000 c/ml were devolved from 10 healthcare facilities to 51 community antiretroviral therapy groups. Baseline immunologic, virologic and clinical parameters were collected and community antiretroviral therapy group patients were followed up for a year after which Human Immunodeficiency Virus treatment outcomes at the baseline and a year after follow-up were compared using paired sample t-test. All the analyses were performed in STATA version 14. Result Out of the 251 stable antiretroviral therapy adults enrolled, 186 (75.3%) were female, 52 (22.7%) had attained post-secondary education and the mean age of participants was 38 years (SD: 9.5). Also, 66 (27.9%) were employed while 125 (52.7%) were self-employed and 46(19.41%) unemployed. 246 (98.0%) of the participants were retained in care. While there was no statistically significant change in the CD4 counts (456cells/mm3 vs 481cells/mm3 P-0.489) and Log10 viral load (3.54c/ml vs 3.69c/ml P-0.359) after one year of devolvement into the community, we observed a significant increase in body weight (60.8 vs 65, P-0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that community antiretroviral therapy has a potential of maintaining optimum treatment outcomes while improving adherence and retention, and reducing the burden of HIV treatment on the health facility. This study provides baseline information for further research and vital information for HIV program implementers planning to decentralize the management of stable antiretroviral therapy clients.

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The Comparison of Teen Clubs vs. Standard Care on Treatment Outcomes for Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy in Windhoek, Namibia

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2020/8604276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Farai K. Munyayi ◽

Brian E. van Wyk

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Standard Care ◽

Psychosocial Support ◽

Peer Group ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Hiv Disclosure ◽

Virologic Suppression ◽

Art Adherence ◽

Adherence Support

Background. Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are challenged to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieve and maintain virologic suppression. Group-based adherence support interventions, such as adherence clubs, have been shown to improve long-term adherence in ART patients. The teen club intervention was introduced in 2010 in Namibia to improve treatment outcomes for ALHIV by providing adherence support in a peer-group environment. Adolescents who have completed the full HIV disclosure process can voluntarily join the teen clubs. The current study compared treatment outcomes of ALHIV receiving ART at a specialized paediatric HIV clinic between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2017 in Windhoek, Namibia. Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on routine patient data extracted from the electronic Patient Monitoring System, individual Patient Care Booklets, and teen club attendance registers. A sample of 385 adolescents were analysed: 78 in teen clubs and 307 in standard care. Virologic suppression was determined at 6, 12, and 18 months from study start date, and compared by model of care, age, sex, disclosure status, and ART regimen. Comparisons between adolescents in teen clubs and those receiving standard care were performed using the chi-square test, and risk ratios were calculated to analyze differences in ART adherence and virologic suppression. Results. The average clinician-measured ART adherence was 89% good, 6% fair, and 5% poor amongst all adolescents, with no difference between teen club members and adolescents in standard care ( p = 0.277) at 3 months. Virologic suppression over the 2-year observation period was 87% (68% fully suppressed <40 copies/ml and 19% suppressed between 40–999 copies/ml), with no difference between teen club members and those in standard care. However, there were statistically significant differences in virologic suppression levels between the younger (10–14 years) adolescents and older (15–19 years) adolescents at 6 months ( p = 0.015) and at 12 months ( p = 0.021) and between adolescents on first-line and second-line ART regimen at 6 months ( p = 0.012), 12 months ( p = 0.004), and 18 months ( p = 0.005). Conclusion. The teen club model delivering psychosocial support only did not improve adherence and virologic suppression levels for adolescents in a specialized paediatric ART clinic, neither were they inferior to standard care. Considering the limitations of this study, teen clubs may still hold potential for improving adherence and virologic suppression levels for older adolescents, and more robust research on adherence interventions for adolescents with higher methodological quality is required.

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