The Impact of HIV/AIDS Epidemic on the Choice of Specialties among Medical Students and House officers in Jos, Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ON Ocheke ◽  
J Musa ◽  
CC Ekwempu
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 685-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. THOMAS ◽  
E. M. LUNGU

The Sub-Sahara African region is inhabited by only 11% of the global population, but is home to 67% of the total HIV infected people and accounts for more than 70% of global AIDS deaths. In this study, we construct a mathematical model to investigate the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on the transmission and progression of HIV/AIDS, and to assess the impact of heavy drinkers on HIV/AIDS related social and health problems such as TB case load and number of orphans. Using demographic data for Botswana, we have shown that if more HIV/AIDS individuals had been de-addicted from heavy alcohol consumption, the severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the impact of HIV/AIDS on the number of TB cases and orphans would have been significantly less than is the case currently. The study points to the vital need for counseling and education about the evils of heavy alcohol consumption and for alcohol de-addiction programmes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutimin ◽  
Siti Khabibah ◽  
Dita Anies Munawwaroh ◽  
R. Heri Soelistyo U

A model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among sex workers and their clients is discussed to study the effects of condom use in the prevention of HIV transmission. The model is addressed to determine the existence of equilibrium states, and then analyze the global stability of disease free and endemic equilibrium states. The global stability of equilibria depends on the vales of the basic reproduction ratio derived from the next generation matrix of the model. The endemic equilibrium state is globally stable when the ratio exceeds unity. The simulation results are presented to discuss the effect of condom use treatment in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS among sex workers and their clients. The results show that the effectiveness level in using condoms in sexual intercourse corresponds to the decreasing level of the spread of HIV/AIDS. We use Maple and Matlab software to simulate the impact of condom use.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Leandro Pedro Goloni Bertollo ◽  
Rebecca Ranzani Martins ◽  
José Ricardo Carvalho de Mesquita Ayres

O projeto “Educação Sexual e Reprodutiva” é uma iniciativa de extensão universitária criada por estudantes de medicina que busca abordar, de forma interativa e inovadora, temas de grande relevância para adolescentes, geralmente negligenciados nas escolas brasileiras, como HIV/AIDS, aborto, gênero e orientação sexual. Três oficinas e uma gincana final foram realizadas junto a estudantes de uma escola pública de ensino médio. Para conduzi-las, alunos de graduação médica voluntários foram treinados por seus colegas, coordenadores da iniciativa, sendo previamente apresentados ao conteúdo teórico e preparados para uma abordagem horizontal e participativa junto aos escolares, ao modo da educação por pares. Para avaliação do impacto da intervenção, foram feitas análises qualitativa, com diários de campo, e quantitativa, com aplicação de questionários. Esses instrumentos evidenciaram um significativo aprendizado dos escolares sobre os assuntos trabalhados. Realizou-se também análise de impacto sobre os estudantes de medicina envolvidos no projeto, que demonstrou aumento do conhecimento teórico, ganho de confiança e fortalecimento da capacidade de argumentar contra atitudes preconceituosas. Os resultados do estudo afirmam o interesse do tema e da estratégia como prática extensionista, além de apontar aspectos que reclamam atenção e aprimoramento. Palavras-chave: Jovens, Sexualidade, Ensino   Sexual and Reproductive Education for Adolescents as peer education: evaluating an academic community service initiative Abstract: The “Sexual and Reproductive Education” project is an academic community service initiative created by medical students aiming to address, in an interactive and innovative way, topics of great importance for adolescents but generally neglected or poorly worked in Brazilian schools, such as HIV/AIDS, abortion, gender and sexual orientation. Workshops and a final playful competition were held at a public high school. To carry them out, volunteer medical students were trained by colleagues, being introduced to the theoretical base and prepared for a horizontal and participatory approach, in the sense of a peer education strategy. A qualitative analysis was performed to evaluate the intervention’s impact, with field diaries, and a quantitative one, with the application of questionnaires. These evaluation tools showed significant knowledge gain. We also carried out an analysis of the impact of the project on the undergraduate medical students involved in the initiative, which revealed an increase in the theoretical knowledge, gain in confidence and strengthening of the ability to argue against prejudiced attitudes. The study results stress the interest of the subject and strategy as an academic community service initiative but also highlight aspects that need attention and improvement. Keywords: Youth, Sexuality, Teaching   Educación sexual y reproductiva para adolescentes como educación entre pares: evaluación de una experiencia de extensión universitaria Resumen: El proyecto “Educación Sexual y Reproductiva” es una iniciativa de extensión universitaria por parte de estudiantes de medicina que busca abordar, de forma interactiva e innovadora, temas de gran relevancia para el adolescente, generalmente descuidados en las escuelas brasileñas, como HIV/AIDS, aborto, género y orientación sexual. Tres talleres y una actividad recreativo-educativa final fueron realizadas. Sus ejecutores, alumnos de graduación médica voluntarios, fueron previamente entrenados por otros alumnos, coordinadores de la iniciativa, con la intención de presentar el contenido teórico y prepararlos para un enfoque horizontal y participativo, en el sentido de la educación por pares. Para evaluar el impacto de la intervención sobre los alumnos se realizó un análisis cualitativo, con diarios de campo, y cuantitativa, con aplicación de cuestionarios. Estos instrumentos evidenciaron un significativo aprendizaje de los alumnos sobre los asuntos trabajados. También se realizó un análisis del impacto del proyecto sobre los estudiantes de graduación involucrados, por medio de cuestionarios. Hubo aumento del conocimiento teórico, de confianza y de la capacidad de argumentar contra los prejuicios. Los resultados del estudio afirman el interés del tema y de la estrategia como práctica extensionista, además de apuntar aspectos que reclaman atención y perfeccionamiento. Palabras-clave: Jóvenes, Sexualidad, Enseñanza


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206
Author(s):  
DJ Fourie ◽  
R Schoeman

The aim of the paper is to provide substantiated information to the long distance trucking industry on the impact that HIV/AIDS has or may have on their businesses.   The current and future impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the long distance trucking industry is unknown. The extent any action taken within the industry to mitigate and manage the effects of HIV/AIDS is also unknown, but thought to be minimal. Unless businesses and other entities in business (trade unions or associations) together with government become informed and proactive regarding the impact of HIV/AIDS on their businesses, the epidemic could run the worst course within the sector.


Author(s):  
Ambe-Uva Terhemba Nom

Universities have come under serious attack because of their lackluster response to HIV/AIDS. This article examines the response of National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) and its strategic responses in combating HIV/AIDS epidemic. This is achieved by examining NOUN’s basic structures that position the University to respond to the epidemic; and second, by assessing HIV/AIDS strategies and policy framework the University has put in place. An interpretative epistemological stance was used for this study, and a qualitative research involving focus group discussion (FGD) and analysis of secondary data was carried out. Results showed that NOUN has identified the impact the epidemic has on the university, although it has yet to institutionalize an HIV/AIDS policy. NOUN’s Draft Service Charter, however, has identified the fight against HIV/AIDS as a core mandate of the University, and the introduction of HIV/AIDS certification programs can be viewed as proactive policies in response to the epidemic. Results of this study are discussed in terms of their relevance to future research and the impact such policy frameworks may have on combating the epidemic, both within the University and the wider community.


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