Some Observations on a Perigo-Type Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum in a Simplified Medium

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 762-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. HUHTANEN
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Better Than

A rapid and sensitive assay for Perigo factor was developed using a medium of 0.5% yeast extract and tryptone, 0.2% glucose, 0.12% K2HPO4 and 0.1% cysteine HCI or sodium thioglycollate and vegetative cells of Clostridium botulinum type A. Yeast extract or tryptone, together with a reducing agent (cysteine, sodium thioglycollate, or glucose autoclaved with the medium), produced a Perigo inhibitor when autoclaved at 15 psi for 15 min with NaNO2. Tryptone was more active than yeast extract as a source of the Perigo inhibitor; of the reducing agents tested cysteine was more effective in producing Perigo-type inhibition than thioglycollate and either was better than glucose autoclaved with the medium.

Electron microscopy of leukocyte interaction with spores of Clostridium botulinum type A

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1651-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon B. Suzuki ◽  
Nicholas Grecz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Type A ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Phagocytosis of toxic spores of Clostridium botulinum type A by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes as revealed by electron microscopy involves engulfment on contact and rapid inclusion into phagocytic vacuoles, followed by a rather slow process of spore germination within the next 8 h. Once germinated, spores appear to be degraded intra-phagocytically almost instantaneously. No outgrowth of spores into vegetative cells was observed either within the leukocytes or outside. Pathogenicity of C. botulinum spores seems to depend on germination of spores within the phagocyte, degradation of germinated spores, and release of spore-bound toxin into body fluids; thus causing potentially fatal botulism poisoning.

Subunit Stoichiometry of the Clostridium botulinum Type A Neurotoxin Complex Determined Using Denaturing Capillary Electrophoresis

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Lietzow ◽  
Elizabeth T. Gielow ◽  
Denise Le ◽  
Jifeng Zhang ◽  
Marc F. Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Subunit Stoichiometry ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Neurotoxin Complex

Production of Botulinum Toxin in Inoculated Pack Studies of Foil-Wrapped Baked Potatoes

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 896-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SUGIYAMA ◽  
MARGY WOODBURN ◽  
K. H. YANG ◽  
COLLEEN MOVROYDIS
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Type A ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Spore Inoculation

Idaho Russet Burbank potatoes were surface or stab inoculated with 10 to 105 spores of Clostridium botulinum type A strain, overwrapped in aluminum foil, baked at 204 C for 50 min or 96 C for 3 h and then held at 22 or 30 C. The shortest incubations resulting in the first botulinogenic potatoes were inversely related to spore doses and ranged from 3 to 7 days; potatoes inoculated with 10 spores were toxic after 5 to 7 days. Total toxin in individual potatoes incubated 3 to 5 days were 5 × 103 to 5 × 105 mouse mean lethal doses. Toxin was not found at distances greater than 1.6 cm from the spore inoculation site. Results indicate that left-over, foil-wrapped, baked potatoes are a perishable food that must be refrigerated.

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