Comparison of Three Methods for the Concentration of Poliovirus from Moroccan Shellfish

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 996-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOURREDINE BOUCHRITI ◽  
SAGAR M. GOYAL ◽  
ABDELHAK El MARRAKCHI ◽  
MOHAMMED JELLAL
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Virus Recovery

Three methods were evaluated for the concentration of poliovirus from artificially contaminated oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Mytilus edulis) and carpet-shell clams (Ruditapes decussatus) grown in Morocco. The methods tested were: an adsorption-elution-precipitation method, a beef extract elution acid-precipitation method, and a non-fat dry milk elution acid-precipitation method. For all shellfish species tested, the adsorption-elution-precipitation method yielded the lowest average virus recovery (27%), whereas the two elution-precipitation methods yielded average virus recoveries of 42% each. The beef extract elution acid-precipitation method yielded the highest virus recovery with clams (53%), whereas non-fat dry milk elution acid-precipitation was advantageous for mussels providing average virus recovery of 47%. For oysters, none of the tested methods gave satisfactory virus recovery. These results point towards the need for the development of better method(s) for the concentration of viruses from Moroccan oysters, while for mussels and clams, the elution-acid precipitation methods may be satisfactory.

Modified Procedure for Extraction of Poliovirus from Naturally-Infected Oysters Using Cat-Floc and Beef Extract

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD F. LANDRY ◽  
JAMES M. VAUGHN ◽  
THOMAS J. VICALE
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Precipitation Technique ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Virus Recovery

Methods for recovery of poliovirus type 1 (LSc2ab) from naturally-infected oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were examined. Extraction procedures analyzed included glycine-saline and polyelectrolyte (Cat-Floc) methods followed by concentration using modifications of an acid precipitation technique, Direct viral assay of shellfish homogenates, when compared to virus recovery following extraction, indicated that substantially fewer viruses were detected in initial homogenates. These data appeared to support the contention that input values based on homogenate assay were inappropriate in determining recovery efficiencies with naturally-infected shellfish. Since absolute efficiencies could not be determined, relative efficiencies using samples from pooled homogenates were used to determine the recovery efficiencies of various extraction procedures. Cat-Floc extraction followed by a beef extract-modified acid precipitation technique resulted in higher virus recoveries than a glycine-saline extraction procedure.

Preparation of Amorphous Nanosilica from Philippine Waste Rice Hull via Acid Precipitation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Rinlee Butch M. Cervera ◽  
Emie A. Salamangkit-Mirasol
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Rice Hull Ash ◽  
Transmission Electron

Rice hull or rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste obtained from milling rice grains. Since RH has no commercial value and is difficult to use in agriculture, its volume is often reduced through open field burning which is an environmental hazard. In this study, amorphous nanosilica from Philippine waste RH was prepared via acid precipitation method. The synthesized samples were fully characterized for its microstructural properties. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the structure of the prepared sample is amorphous in nature while Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the different vibration bands of the synthesized sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis (PSA) confirmed the presence of agglomerated silica particles. On the other hand, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an amorphous sample with grain sizes of about 5 to 20 nanometer range and has about 95 % purity according to EDS analyses. The elemental mapping also suggests that leaching of rice hull ash effectively removed the metallic impurity such as potassium element in the material. Hence, amorphous nanosilica was successfully prepared via a low-cost acid precipitation method from Philippine waste rice hull.

scholarly journals Effects of Methane Fermentation on Spectral Properties of Fulvic Acid Extracted from Peat through Liquid Acid Precipitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Li-Tong Ma ◽  
Ya-Nan Lu ◽  
Ya-Xiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Liquid Acid ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Benzene Rings

The effects of acid precipitation with different liquid acids on spectral properties of fulvic acid extracted from peat was studied to select the most appropriate liquid acid for the acid precipitation step of the alkali solution acid precipitation method, and the new process mechanism of peat utilization by coupling methane fermentation and extraction of fulvic acid was analyzed. The alkali solution acid precipitation method was adopted to extract fulvic acid from the methane-fermented group and methane-unfermented group. Different liquid acids were used to conduct acid precipitation during the extraction. And then, the characterizations of fulvic acid samples were conducted through Fourier infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The yield and content of fulvic acid decreased significantly after methane fermentation. During the methane fermentation process, some fulvic acid was consumed and utilized by microorganisms to promote the methane fermentation process, resulting both in the decrease of methyl, hydroxyl, and ether bonds and in the increase of methylene, carbonyl, conjugated double bond, benzene rings, and other groups. The E4/E6 ratio shows that the E4/E6 ratio of fulvic acid was decreased after methane fermentation, and the fermentation consumed the functional group with simpler structure such as aliphatic chain hydrocarbon of fulvic acid while the structure with a higher degree of aromatization and conjugate cannot be consumed. When conducting acid precipitation with different liquid acids, the yield of fulvic acid was the highest through acid precipitation with phosphoric acid. The fulvic acid obtained through acid precipitation with nitric acid has a higher content, more benzene rings, and the highest degree of aromatization.

Studies of Procedures for Recovery of Viruses from Activated Sludge

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuko Shimohara ◽  
Minoru Nashida ◽  
Mitsumi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
The Media ◽  
Virus Recovery

Several elution media were examined to evaluate their suitability for recovering seeded poliovirus 1 from return activated sludge. Although there were no distinct differences of virus recovery efficiency among the media tested, 3% beef extract solution at pH 9 seemed to be the most practical eluent for the recovery of the viruses adsorbed from the sludge with an average recovery efficiency of 21%, with a range of 6.1 to 34%. The organic flocculation procedure using beef extract was applied to concentrate the eluted viruses. Its effect depended on the type of eluate, and viruses were not always concentrated well.

Synthesis and Dispersity of YBCO Powder Produced by Oxalic Acid Precipitation Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Qin Wang ◽  
Hui Hui Han ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Jing Pei Xie ◽  
Qing Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Technological Parameter ◽  
Oxalic Acid Solution ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
The Mean

The YBCO powder was prepared by oxalic acid precipitation method and consequent annealing. The correlation between pH values of oxalic acid solution and the precipitation percentage of precursors were analysed based on thermodynamics analysis. The differential scanning calorimetryanalysis (DSC) was used to confirm the synthetic technological parameter. The phases of powder in each process were investigated by XRD. The microstructures of each powder were tested by SEM and TEM. The mean grain size was calculated by the scherrer’s equation. The test results indicated that the YBCO powder with high purity, less impurities, smaller particle, but severe agglomeration, was Y123 when annealing at 900°C. However, adding dispersants could effectively solve the severe agglomeration. The size of YBCO particles was nanosized and coincided with the calculation.

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