8 Participatory crop improvement in Central America: encouraging farmers to use local varieties

2013 ◽  
pp. 306-312
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement

scholarly journals Participatory Crop Improvement of Nepalese Fingermillet Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad Bajracharya ◽  
Ram C. Prasad ◽  
Shiva K. Budhathoki
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Field Verification ◽  
Market Promotion ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement

A field study was undertaken on Nepalese fingermillet genotypes with the participation of the local community at pipaltar of nuwakot district during 2003 and 2004. The study included a) identification of superior fingermillet cultivars through diversity block management and mother set trial, b) seed Production of promising lines, c) farmers' field verification trial (diamond trial) And d) characterization and documentation of fingermillet genotypes. Results Revealed that mudke, chaure and jalbire are high yielding promising genotypes Suited to that area. From household surveys carried out among 46 samples (40%), 80 hh have revealed that mudke, chaure and seto kodo are preferred fingermillet cultivars. About 70% grow mudke, 46% grow chaure while 2% Grow Seto Kodo. The programme has successfully explored the potential of Local fingermillet cultivars by there evaluation and utilized them through Value added product development and market promotion. Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 12-16  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11636

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. II. Participatory Varietal Selection, a Case Study in India

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Joshi ◽  
J. R. Witcombe
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement ◽  
New Cultivars

SUMMARYFarmer participatory varietal selection (PVS) was used to identify farmer-acceptable cultivars of rice and chickpea. Farmers' requirements in new crop cultivars (varieties) were determined, a search was carried out for released and non-released cultivars that matched these needs, and they were tested in farmer-managed, participatory trials. Farmer-acceptable cultivars were found amongst released material, but not among the recommended material for the area. Lack of adoption is, therefore, because resource-poor farmers have not been recommended or exposed to the most appropriate cultivars under the existing system of varietal identification and popularization. Adoption rates of cultivars would be improved by increased farmer participation, the systematic testing in zonal trials of locally popular cultivars to define their domains properly, a more liberal release system, and a more open system of providing seeds of new cultivars to farmers.

scholarly journals Integrating Conventional and Participatory Crop Improvement for Smallholder Agriculture Using the Seeds for Needs Approach: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Fadda ◽  
Dejene K. Mengistu ◽  
Yosef G. Kidane ◽  
Matteo Dell’Acqua ◽  
Mario Enrico Pè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Smallholder Agriculture ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. III. Participatory Plant Breeding, a Case Study for Rice in Nepal

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-496
Author(s):  
B. R. Sthapit ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
J. R. Witcombe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYA participatory plant breeding (PPB) programme was conducted for the high altitude areas of Nepal. The aim was to breed acceptable varieties with minimum use of resources and to utilize farmers' knowledge in the PPB programme. Farmer participation began at the F5 stage and progress was followed over two seasons in two villages. Farmers proved to be willing participants and made selections in the segregating material, often with great success. Large differences in farmers' preferences between the F5 bulks were found and the most preferred were adopted rapidly. The most adopted variety, Machhapuchhre-3, performed well in the formal trials system, and much better than the products from conventional centralized breeding. The PPB programme increased biodiversity in the two participating villages.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. II. Participatory Varietal Selection, a Case Study in India

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Joshi ◽  
J. R. Witcombe
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement ◽  
New Cultivars

SUMMARYFarmer participatory varietal selection (PVS) was used to identify farmer-acceptable cultivars of rice and chickpea. Farmers' requirements in new crop cultivars (varieties) were determined, a search was carried out for released and non-released cultivars that matched these needs, and they were tested in farmer-managed, participatory trials. Farmer-acceptable cultivars were found amongst released material, but not among the recommended material for the area. Lack of adoption is, therefore, because resource-poor farmers have not been recommended or exposed to the most appropriate cultivars under the existing system of varietal identification and popularization. Adoption rates of cultivars would be improved by increased farmer participation, the systematic testing in zonal trials of locally popular cultivars to define their domains properly, a more liberal release system, and a more open system of providing seeds of new cultivars to farmers.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. III. Participatory Plant Breeding, a Case Study for Rice in Nepal

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Sthapit ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
J. R. Witcombe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYA participatory plant breeding (PPB) programme was conducted for the high altitude areas of Nepal. The aim was to breed acceptable varieties with minimum use of resources and to utilize farmers' knowledge in the PPB programme. Farmer participation began at the F5 stage and progress was followed over two seasons in two villages. Farmers proved to be willing participants and made selections in the segregating material, often with great success. Large differences in farmers' preferences between the F5 bulks were found and the most preferred were adopted rapidly. The most adopted variety, Machhapuchhre-3, performed well in the formal trials system, and much better than the products from conventional centralized breeding. The PPB programme increased biodiversity in the two participating villages.

scholarly journals Semi-Quantification of Lectins in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes via Hemagglutination

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Haseena Gulzar ◽  
Muhammad Asif Nawaz ◽  
Asad Jan ◽  
Farhat Ali Khan ◽  
Sumaira Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Specific Sugar

Lectins are unique glycoproteins that react with specific sugar residues on cell surfaces resulting in agglutination. They offer enormous applications in therapeutics, diagnostics, medicine, and agriculture. Rice lectins are naturally expressed during biotic and abiotic stresses suggesting their importance in stress resistance physiology. The objective of this study was to determine the presence and relative concentration of lectins in different accessions of rice obtained from IABGR/NARC Islamabad mainly originated from Pakistan. About 210 rice accessions including 02 local varieties and 05 transgenic seeds were screened for seed lectins using a hemagglutination (HA) assay with 5% Californian bred rabbits’ erythrocytes. A protein concentration of 3–8 mg/100 mg of seed flour was measured for all the rice accessions; the highest was 8.03 mg for accession 7600, while the lowest noted was 3.05 mg for accession 7753. Out of 210 accessions, 106 showed the highest HA activity. These 106 genotypes were further screened for titer analysis and specific activity. The highest titer and specific activity were observed for accession 7271 as 1024 and 236 hemagglutination unit (HAU), respectively. The selected accessions’ relative affinity and HA capability were evaluated using blood from four different sources: human, broiler chicken, local rabbit, and Californian-breed rabbit. The highest HA activity was observed with Californian-breed rabbit RBCs. The lectin assay was stable for about 1–2 h. After the required investigations, the accessions with higher lectin concentration and HA capability could be used as a readily available source of lectins for further characterization and utilization in crop improvement programs.

scholarly journals Participatory crop improvement and formal release of Jethobudho rice landrace in Nepal

Euphytica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gyawali ◽  
B. R. Sthapit ◽  
B. Bhandari ◽  
J. Bajracharya ◽  
P. K. Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Rice Landrace ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement

scholarly journals Wild Progenitor and Landraces Led Genetic Gain in the Modern-Day Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devender Sharma ◽  
Rajesh K. Khulbe ◽  
Ramesh S. Pal ◽  
Jeevan Bettanaika ◽  
Lakshmi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Central America ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Enormous Variation ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Over Time

Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) originated from Mexico and Central America and grew worldwide for food, feed and industrial products components. It possesses ten chromosomes with a genome size of 2.3 gigabases. Teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis) is the probable progenitor of the modern-day maize. The maize domestication favored standing gain of function and regulatory variations acquired the convergent phenotypes. The genomic loci teosinte branched 1 (tb1) and teosinte glume architecture 1 (tga1) played a central role in transforming teosinte to modern-day maize. Under domestication and crop improvement, only 2% (~1200) genes were undergone selection, out of ~60000 genes. Around ~98% of the genes have not experienced selection; there is enormous variation present in the diverse inbred lines that can be potentially utilized to identify QTLs and crop improvement through plant breeding. The genomic resources of wild relatives and landraces harbor the unexplored genes/alleles for biotic/abiotic tolerance, productivity and nutritional quality. The human-made evolution led to the transformation of wild relatives/landraces to the modern-day maize. This chapter summarized the maize’s wild relatives/landraces and the genetic gain over time in biotic/abiotic, productivity, and nutritional quality traits.

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