CLIMATE IN EUROPE DURING THE LATE MAUNDER MINIMUM PERIOD (1675–1715)

2010 ◽  
pp. 60-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum

scholarly journals Monthly mean pressure reconstruction for the Late Maunder Minimum Period (AD 1675-1715)

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1049-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luterbacher ◽  
R. Rickli ◽  
C. Tinguely ◽  
E. Xoplaki ◽  
E. Sch�pbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum

scholarly journals Euro-Atlantic Atmospheric Circulation during the Late Maunder Minimum

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 3849-3863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Mellado-Cano ◽  
David Barriopedro ◽  
Ricardo García-Herrera ◽  
Ricardo M. Trigo ◽  
Mari Carmen Álvarez-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Nao Pattern

Abstract This paper presents observational evidence of the atmospheric circulation during the Late Maunder Minimum (LMM, 1685–1715) based on daily wind direction observations from ships in the English Channel. Four wind directional indices and 8-point wind roses are derived at monthly scales to characterize the LMM. The results indicate that the LMM was characterized by a pronounced meridional circulation and a marked reduction in the frequency of westerly days all year round, as compared to the present (1981–2010). The winter circulation contributed the most to the cold conditions. Nevertheless, findings indicate that the LMM in Europe was more heterogeneous than previously thought, displaying contrasting spatial patterns in both circulation and temperature, as well as large decadal variability. In particular, there was an increase of northerly winds favoring colder winters in the first half of the LMM, but enhanced southerlies contributing to milder conditions in the second half of the LMM. The analysis of the atmospheric circulation yields a new and complete classification of LMM winters. The temperature inferred from the atmospheric circulation confirms the majority of extremely cold winters well documented in the literature, while uncovering other less documented cold and mild winters. The results also suggest a nonstationarity of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern within the LMM, with extremely cold winters being driven by negative phases of a “high zonal” NAO pattern and “low zonal” NAO patterns dominating during moderately cold winters.

Analysis of Subdaily Meteorological Measurements by Louis Morin in the Late Maunder Minimum 1665 – 1709 in Paris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pliemon ◽  
Ulrich Foelsche ◽  
Christian Rohr ◽  
Christian Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum ◽  
Data Source

<p>Based on copies of the original data (source: Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research) we perform climate reconstructions for Paris between 1665 - 1709. The focus lies on the following meteorological variables: temperature, cloudiness, direction of movement of the clouds, precipitation and humidity. Apart from humidity, these meteorological variables were measured three times a day over the entire period from Louis Morin. Temperature and humidity were measured with instruments, whereas cloud cover, direction of movement of the clouds and precipitation were measured in a descriptive manner. In addition to the quantitative temperature measurements, conclusions about synoptic air movements over Europe are possible due to the additional meteorological variables. The Late Maunder Minimum is characterised by cold winters and moderate summers. Winter is characterised by a lower frequency of westerly direction of movement of the clouds. This reduction of advection from the ocean leads to cooling in Paris and also to less precipitation in winter. This can be seen very strongly between the last decade of the 17<sup>th</sup> century (cold) and the first decade of the 18<sup>th</sup> century (warm). A lower frequency of westerly direction of movement of the clouds can also be seen in summer, but the influence is stronger in winter than in summer. However, this reduction leads to moderate/warm temperatures in summer. So unusually cold winters in the Late Maunder Minimum can be attributed to a lower frequency of westerly direction of movement of the clouds.</p>

Wintertime European circulation patterns during the Late Maunder Minimum cooling period (1675?1704)

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wanner ◽  
C. Pfister ◽  
R. Br�zdil ◽  
P. Frich ◽  
K. Frydendahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum

scholarly journals New insights into the reconstructed temperature in Portugal over the last 400 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Santos ◽  
M. F. Carneiro ◽  
A. Correia ◽  
M. J. Alcoforado ◽  
E. Zorita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Low Frequency Variability ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum ◽  
Temperature Indices ◽  
Borehole Temperature ◽  
Temperature Depth

Abstract. The consistency of an existing reconstructed annual (December–November) temperature series for the Lisbon region (Portugal) from 1600 onwards, based on a European-wide reconstruction, with (1) five local borehole temperature–depth profiles; (2) synthetic temperature–depth profiles, generated from both reconstructed temperatures and two regional paleoclimate simulations in Portugal; (3) instrumental data sources over the twentieth century; and (4) temperature indices from documentary sources during the late Maunder Minimum (1675–1715) is assessed. The low-frequency variability in the reconstructed temperature in Portugal is not entirely consistent with local borehole temperature–depth profiles and with the simulated response of temperature in two regional paleoclimate simulations driven by reconstructions of various climate forcings. Therefore, the existing reconstructed series is calibrated by adjusting its low-frequency variability to the simulations (first-stage adjustment). The annual reconstructed series is then calibrated in its location and scale parameters, using the instrumental series and a linear regression between them (second-stage adjustment). This calibrated series shows clear footprints of the Maunder and Dalton minima, commonly related to changes in solar activity and explosive volcanic eruptions, and a strong recent-past warming, commonly related to human-driven forcing. Lastly, it is also in overall agreement with annual temperature indices over the late Maunder Minimum in Portugal. The series resulting from this post-reconstruction adjustment can be of foremost relevance to improve the current understanding of the driving mechanisms of climate variability in Portugal.

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