Evidence for the Climate During the Late Maunder Minimum from Proxy Data and Model Simulations Available Within KIHZ

2004 ◽  
pp. 397-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Zinke ◽  
Hans von Storch ◽  
Beate Müller ◽  
Eduardo Zorita ◽  
Bert Rein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum

scholarly journals Euro-Atlantic Atmospheric Circulation during the Late Maunder Minimum

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 3849-3863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Mellado-Cano ◽  
David Barriopedro ◽  
Ricardo García-Herrera ◽  
Ricardo M. Trigo ◽  
Mari Carmen Álvarez-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Nao Pattern

Abstract This paper presents observational evidence of the atmospheric circulation during the Late Maunder Minimum (LMM, 1685–1715) based on daily wind direction observations from ships in the English Channel. Four wind directional indices and 8-point wind roses are derived at monthly scales to characterize the LMM. The results indicate that the LMM was characterized by a pronounced meridional circulation and a marked reduction in the frequency of westerly days all year round, as compared to the present (1981–2010). The winter circulation contributed the most to the cold conditions. Nevertheless, findings indicate that the LMM in Europe was more heterogeneous than previously thought, displaying contrasting spatial patterns in both circulation and temperature, as well as large decadal variability. In particular, there was an increase of northerly winds favoring colder winters in the first half of the LMM, but enhanced southerlies contributing to milder conditions in the second half of the LMM. The analysis of the atmospheric circulation yields a new and complete classification of LMM winters. The temperature inferred from the atmospheric circulation confirms the majority of extremely cold winters well documented in the literature, while uncovering other less documented cold and mild winters. The results also suggest a nonstationarity of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern within the LMM, with extremely cold winters being driven by negative phases of a “high zonal” NAO pattern and “low zonal” NAO patterns dominating during moderately cold winters.

scholarly journals Facilitating proxy-data interpretation of abrupt climate events using model simulations

PAGES news ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane P Wiersma ◽  
DM Roche ◽  
H Renssen
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Climate Events

scholarly journals Dating historical droughts from religious ceremonies, the international pro pluvia rogation database

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Domínguez-Castro ◽  
María João Alcoforado ◽  
Nieves Bravo-Paredes ◽  
María Isabel Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Marcelo Fragoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Climate Proxy ◽  
Drought Variability ◽  
Instrumental Period ◽  
Share Information ◽  
International Initiative

AbstractClimate proxy data are required for improved understanding of climate variability and change in the pre-instrumental period. We present the first international initiative to compile and share information on pro pluvia rogation ceremonies, which is a well-studied proxy of agricultural drought. Currently, the database has more than 3500 dates of celebration of rogation ceremonies, providing information for 153 locations across 11 countries spanning the period from 1333 to 1949. This product provides data for better understanding of the pre-instrumental drought variability, validating natural proxies and model simulations, and multi-proxy rainfall reconstructions, amongst other climatic exercises. The database is freely available and can be easily accessed and visualized via http://inpro.unizar.es/.

scholarly journals Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Smerdon ◽  
Jürg Luterbacher ◽  
Steven J. Phipps ◽  
Kevin J. Anchukaitis ◽  
Toby Ault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Model Comparisons ◽  
Proxy Model ◽  
Hydroclimate Variability ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era

Abstract. Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of drought) is limited because of a paucity of modern instrumental observations that are distributed unevenly across the globe and only span parts of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such data coverage is insufficient for characterizing hydroclimate and its associated dynamics because of its multidecadal-to-centennial variability and highly regionalized spatial signature. High-resolution (seasonal to decadal) hydroclimatic proxies that span all or parts of the Common Era (CE) and paleoclimate model simulations are therefore important tools for augmenting our understanding of hydroclimate variability. In particular, the comparison of the two sources of information is critical for addressing the uncertainties and limitations of both, while enriching each of their interpretations. We review the principal proxy data available for hydroclimatic reconstructions over the CE and highlight contemporary understanding of how these proxies are interpreted as hydroclimate indicators. We also review the available last-millennium simulations from fully-coupled climate models and discuss several outstanding challenges associated with simulating hydroclimate variability and change over the CE. A specific review of simulated hydroclimatic changes forced by volcanic events is provided, as well as a discussion of expected improvements in estimated forcings, models and their implementation in the future. Our review of hydroclimatic proxies and last-millennium model simulations is used as the basis for articulating a variety of considerations and best practices for how to perform proxy-model comparisons of CE hydroclimate. This discussion provides a framework for how best to evaluate hydroclimate variability and its associated dynamics using these comparisons, as well as how they can better inform interpretations of both proxy data and model simulations. We subsequently explore means of using proxy-model comparisons to better constrain and characterize future hydroclimate risks. This is explored specifically in the context of several examples that demonstrate how proxy-model comparisons can be used to quantitatively constrain future hydroclimatic risks as estimated from climate model projections.

Analysis of Subdaily Meteorological Measurements by Louis Morin in the Late Maunder Minimum 1665 – 1709 in Paris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pliemon ◽  
Ulrich Foelsche ◽  
Christian Rohr ◽  
Christian Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum ◽  
Data Source

<p>Based on copies of the original data (source: Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research) we perform climate reconstructions for Paris between 1665 - 1709. The focus lies on the following meteorological variables: temperature, cloudiness, direction of movement of the clouds, precipitation and humidity. Apart from humidity, these meteorological variables were measured three times a day over the entire period from Louis Morin. Temperature and humidity were measured with instruments, whereas cloud cover, direction of movement of the clouds and precipitation were measured in a descriptive manner. In addition to the quantitative temperature measurements, conclusions about synoptic air movements over Europe are possible due to the additional meteorological variables. The Late Maunder Minimum is characterised by cold winters and moderate summers. Winter is characterised by a lower frequency of westerly direction of movement of the clouds. This reduction of advection from the ocean leads to cooling in Paris and also to less precipitation in winter. This can be seen very strongly between the last decade of the 17<sup>th</sup> century (cold) and the first decade of the 18<sup>th</sup> century (warm). A lower frequency of westerly direction of movement of the clouds can also be seen in summer, but the influence is stronger in winter than in summer. However, this reduction leads to moderate/warm temperatures in summer. So unusually cold winters in the Late Maunder Minimum can be attributed to a lower frequency of westerly direction of movement of the clouds.</p>

Wintertime European circulation patterns during the Late Maunder Minimum cooling period (1675?1704)

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wanner ◽  
C. Pfister ◽  
R. Br�zdil ◽  
P. Frich ◽  
K. Frydendahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Late Maunder Minimum
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