Hanson, Norwood Russell (1924–67)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Logic Of Discovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Inference Systems ◽  
Problematic Situations

Hanson was a philosopher of science who introduced novel ways of relating logical, historical and linguistic analyses. His best-known book, Patterns of Discovery, stressed the theory-ladeness of observational reports and argued that causality is a feature of inference systems, rather than of nature as such. He pioneered in combining historical and analytic analyses of significant breakthroughs in science. Though he clarified patterns of discovery he never succeeded in the project of developing a logic of discovery, or an account of the inferences leading from problematic situations to novel explanatory hypotheses. A man of many talents, he also made contributions to the history of science, aerodynamics and epistemology.

Alternativen in der Wissenschaft / Alternatives in Science

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemot Böhme ◽  
Wolfgang van den Daele ◽  
Wolfgang Krohn
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Logic Of Discovery ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
External Regulation ◽  
Social Constitution ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe development of science is neither necessary nor accidental: there are alternatives in the development of science that are not decided upon internal criteria. The concept of the alternative in science is made explicit through a distinction between internal and external determinatives of growth. Alternatives will be characterized in methodological terms. The existence of alternatives can be noticed from the lacunae in all attempts at explaining the development of science by means of a logic of discovery alone.The history of science will be interpreted in evolutionary terms: its factual development cannot be explained unless the social environment of science, the conditions of survival for theories, methods etc. are taken into account. The possibility of an external regulation of science has to be founded on a theory of the social constitution of science which explains in what sense science and society are interrelated so that a selective determination of the former by the latter is in fact possible.

Piaget and Garcia's History of Science

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 654-656
Author(s):  
Harry Beilin
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
History Of

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

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