ПЕТИНА ВИЧЕВА. ПРОБЛЕМИ НА ВЕРБАЛНАТА КОМУНИКАЦИЯ В ТЪРГОВСКОТО КОРАБОПЛАВАНЕ / PETINA VICHEVA. PROBLEMS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN MERCHANT SHIPPING.

This book review presents Petina Vicheva’s monograph titled Problems of Verbal Communication in Merchant Shipping. The subject of the study is Maritime English and Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) in particular. The emphasis is on the use of SMCP in maritime radio communication. The objective of the monograph is to describe and analyse problematic situations that arise in verbal communication carried out over the radio at sea. The main conclusions are drawn at the end of the study. As SMCP is even more actively used by multinational crews, the monograph aims at providing linguistic strategies for effective maritime com-munication, thus contributing significantly to the safety of shipping.

PROBLEMIC ISSUES ARISING IN PRACTICE DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PREVENTIVE MEASURE IN THE FORM OF A PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN ACTIONS

В статье рассматривается ряд проблем, возникающих на стадии назначения и реализации меры пресечения в виде запрета определенных действий. Осуществляется анализ судебной практики и нормативно-правовой базы, регулирующей условия избрания и исполнения меры пресечения в виде запрета определенных действий. Автором статьи приводятся примеры проблемных ситуаций, возникающих в практической деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций, в рамках осуществления контроля за установленными запретами. Проводится обзор противоречий, возникающих при установлении запретов в рамках меры пресечения и уголовных наказаний, не связанных с изоляций от общества, в частности, лишения права заниматься деятельностью, связанной с управлением транспортными средствами, и запретом на управление транспортными средством. Дается характеристика работоспособности системы электронного мониторинга подконтрольных лиц и электронных технических средств надзора и контроля, применяемых к подозреваемым или обвиняемым, в отношении которых назначен запрет определенных действий. В заключение автором статьи выработаны предложения, направленные на нивелирование имеющихся проблем и повышение эффективности меры пресечения в виде запрета определенных действий в уголовном процессе и деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций. The article examines a number of problems that arise at the stage of the appointment and realization of a preventive measure in the form of a prohibition on certain actions. The analysis of judicial practice and the legal and regulatory framework governing the conditions for the election and execution of a preventive extent in the form of prohibition of certain actions is carried out. The author of the article provides examples of problematic situations that arise in the practice of criminal executive inspectorates, as part of the control over the established prohibitions. A review of the contradictions arising in the establishment of prohibitions within the framework of a preventive measure and criminal penalties not related to isolation from society, in particular, the destitution of the right to engage in activities connected to car vehicles and a prohibition on driving vehicles, is reviewed. A characteristic is given, as well as an assessment of the performance of the electronic monitoring system of controlled persons and electronic technical means of supervision and control applied to suspects or accused, in respect of whom certain actions are prohibited. In conclusion, the author of the article developed proposals aimed at leveling the existing problems and increasing the effectiveness of a preventive extent in the form of a prohibition on certain actions in the criminal process and the activities of criminal executive inspections.

PROBLEMS OF APPLYING OBJECTIVE SIGNS OF THE CORPUS DELICTI PROVIDED FOR IN ARTICLE 242 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article comments on the criminal legislation of Russia, which provides for liability for the illegal production and trafficking of pornographic materials or objects and the practice of its application. Recently, illegal production and trafficking of pornographic materials and objects (Obscene Publications), as a type of criminal activity, have acquired a qualitatively new look. It can be explained by the trend towards an annual increase in registered IT crimes (committed using information and telecommunications networks (including Internet)). The use of such means significantly complicates law enforcement, primarily in connection with the criminal legal assessment and qualification of such acts. In article there are analyzes the objective features (actus reus) of the corpus delicti that determines the basis of criminal liability for the illegal production and trafficking of pornographic materials or objects. One of the problematic situations, according to the authors, is considered, related to the practice of applying Article 242 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors' conclusions are based on the analysis of the provisions of the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the practice of its application. The rules of international treaties were considered, as well as the practice of applying the rules of civil and administrative law, including those related to the concepts of “publicity” and “indefinite range of persons”, were considered.

Modern Methods of Teaching History for School-age Children

This article discusses modern methods and techniques of teaching history in the school education system. It is known that after independence, our country has undergone radical reforms in various fields, including education. Textbooks have changed. However, a number of problems in history textbooks, extreme political approaches, lack of consistency, complex processes, and a plethora of terms have caused difficulties for schoolchildren. The solution to such problematic situations is analyzed in this article.

Advancements in Solar Desalination of Seawater by Various Ti3C2 MXene Based Morphologies for Freshwater Generation: A Review

For a few years, we have been witnessing ubiquitous fresh and drinking water scarcity in various countries. To mitigate these problematic situations, many countries relied on non-conventional freshwater generation technologies through solar desalination of seawater. In this manner, we excel the ability of new class 2D Ti3C2 MXenes as a photothermal material (solar absorber) for freshwater generation via the solar desalination technique. In this review, the air–water interfacial interaction is highlighted for improving the evaporation efficiency. To provide the dependence of the desalination efficiency on the microstructure of the solar absorbers, we summarized various forms of 2D Ti3C2 MXenes (aerosol, films, foam, hydrogel, membrane, monolith and porous structure) and their characteristics. These microstructures prevailed ultrahigh photoconversion efficiency. In this aspect, we further explained key features such as light absorption, reflection, multiple internal reflection, hydrophilicity, lower thermal conduction, light-to-heat generation, and salt rejection for achieving efficient desalination output throughout the visible and broadband region. Specifically, we targeted to explore the self-floating and salt rejection nature of various state-of-the-art 2D Ti3C2 MXene structures. Further, we highlighted the long-term stability. Among the above morphologies, Ti3C2 MXene in the form of a membrane is believed to be a promising morphology which effectively desalinates seawater into freshwater. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and future perspectives, which can pave a potential path for advancing the sustainable solar desalination of seawater into freshwater.

Interactive methods and problematic situations in the study of the literary text (based on the work „Memories from childhood”, by Ion Creanga)

The essential study of the Romanian language and literature in school must be based on the problematic conversation. It stimulates inductive / deductive reasoning; associative; the spirit of synthesis and the keeping alive of the mutual actions between the teacher and the students or even between the students themselves.

PESQUISA EM REDE SOBRE A PROFICIÊNCIA DO PENSAMENTO ESPACIAL NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA:

Esse artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa em rede que teve como objetivo identificar em que medida os cursos de graduação em Geografia de cinco Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras contribuem para a proficiência do pensamento espacial dos seus estudantes. Essa investigação se estabeleceu a partir de aplicações do instrumento denominado Teste de Aptidão do Pensamento Espacial (Spatial Thinking Ability Test - STAT, em inglês), elaborado por Lee e Berdnaz (2012), para graduandos iniciantes e finalizantes do curso de Geografia, preferencialmente, licenciandos. A aplicação focada nesses dois grupos, destinou-se a identificação de conhecimentos referentes ao pensamento espacial ao longo da formação de futuros geógrafos. Como resultado, a análise global dos dados indica uma diferença de performance bastante modesta entre alunos do primeiro e do quarto ano da graduação em Geografia e um desempenho inferior ao esperado em termos de percentuais de acertos dos dois grupos em competências avaliadas através de situações-problema que entendemos como mais fáceis. Todo esse esforço investigativo assentou-se no reconhecimento de que o pensamento espacial é uma das condições intelectuais fundamentais para que, posteriormente, os alunos venham produzir a interpretação geográfica de situações problematizadas. Palavras-chaveEnsino de Geografia, STAT, Formação de professores, Inteligência espacial. NETWORK RESEARCH ON SPATIAL THINKING PROFICIENCY IN UNDERGRADUATE GEOGRAPHY COURSES: first approximations Abstract This article is the result of a network research that aimed to identify to what extent the undergraduate courses in Geography from five brazilian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) contribute to the spatial thinking proficiency of their students. This investigation was established through applications of the instrument named Spatial Thinking Ability Test (STAT), elaborated by Lee and Bednarz (2012), for beginners and final-year undergraduate students of the Geography course, preferably, undergraduates. The application focused on these two groups, and was intended to identify knowledge regarding to spatial thinking throughout the training of future geographers. As a result, the global analysis of the data indicates a very modest difference in performance between first and fourth-year undergraduate students in Geography and a lower than expected performance in terms of the percentage of correct answers of both two groups in competences assessed through problem-situations that we understand to be easier. All this investigative effort was based on the recognition that spatial thinking is one of the most fundamental intellectual conditions for, subsequently, students become to produce the geographical interpretation of problematic situations. Keywords Geography Teaching, STAT, Teacher training, Spatial intelligence.

Conflict-Generating Factors of Doctor-Patient Communication in Russian-Language Discursive Practices

The article studies the causes of conflict situations between a doctor and a patient in the communication, associated with the problems of using the language code and the compliance of communicative and ethical norms. The research focuses on conflict-generating factors caused by the violation of the patient’s right to information about the state of health, which include, in particular, the volume and details of such information, as well as the forms it was provided. Methods of verbalizing the information about the patient’s health are discussed, taking into account the requirements of accessibility and sensitivity. The author examines problematic situations caused by the «non-linguistic» nature of legal regulation in the field of doctor-patient communication. The aim of the study is to identify conflict-generating factors of communication in the medical field, which lead to a violation of not only ethical, but also legal norms of communication between doctors and patients. The empirical base was formed by questioning the patients. The study also used blogosphere, social media materials, and personal interviews with patients. The analysis of sociolinguistic data made it possible to identify 4 conflict-generating factors: 1) the availability of information; 2) volume (details) of information, 3) delicacy / indelicacy; 4) the quality of the doctor’s feedback for the patient. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn that allow to linguistically interpret the communicative failure that arose in the process of communicating with the doctor. This gives reason to develop criteria for communicative violations that are potentially conflict ones and have legal effect

A Novel Approach to Generalized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on Interpolative Boolean Algebra

One of the main issues in IFS theory are generalizations of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) definition as well as IFS operations. In this paper, we present the LBIFS-IBA approach by applying operations based on interpolative Boolean algebra (IBA) on generalized IFS. Namely, LBIFS are defined as a special case of Liu’s generalized IFS with the maximal interpretational surface. By extending the interpretational surface, the descriptive power of the approach is enhanced, and therefore the problematic situations when μA+νA>1 can be modeled. In addition, IBA-based algebra secures Boolean properties of the proposed approach. Considerable attention is given to comprehension of uncertainty within LBIFS-IBA, i.e., we propose a novel manner of uncertainty interpretation by treating values from [−1,1] interval. In order to prove its importance, we compare LBIFS-IBA with several well-known IFS generalizations, showing that only our approach offers meaningful uncertainty interpretation is all selected cases. Additionally, we illustrate the practical benefits of LBIFS-IBA by applying it to an example of modeling Japanese candlesticks for price charting and paying special attention to uncertainty interpretation.