The External Problem

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Evan F. M. Durbin
Keyword(s):  
External Problem

scholarly journals Relativistic Celestial Mechanics and Reference Frames

1991 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Damour ◽  
M. Soffel ◽  
C. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
New Formalism ◽  
External Problem ◽  
Newtonian Approximation ◽  
Internal Problem ◽  
The Way

AbstractA new formalism for treating the relativistic celestial mechanics of systems of N, arbitrarily composed and shaped, weakly self-gravitating, rotating, deformabile bodies is presented. This formalism is aimed at yielding a complete description, at the first post-Newtonian approximation level, of (i) the global dynamics of such N-body systems (“external problem”), (ii) the local gravitational structure of each body (“internal problem”), and, (iii) the way the external and the internal problems fit together (“theory of reference systems”).

A Framework to Analyze User Interactions in an E-Commerce Environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj A. Thomas ◽  
Richard Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Task Environment ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Fit ◽  
Task Representation ◽  
External Problem ◽  
Contextual Reasoning ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
The Web

As e-commerce applications proliferate the Web, the cognitive load of sifting through the copious volumes of information in search of relevance has become formidable. Since the nature of foraging for information in digital spaces can be characterized as the interaction between internal task representation and the external problem domain, we look at how expert systems can be used to reduce the complexity of the task. In this chpater, we describe a conceptual framework to analyze user interactions in an e-commerce environment. We detail the use of the ontology language OWL to express the semantics of the representations and the use of SWRL rule language to define the rule base for contextual reasoning. We illustrate how an expert system can be used to guide users by orchestrating a cognitive fit between the task environment and the task solution.

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