HOK – achieving contextual design through a measured process

Background: Health promoting schools focus on, amongst other things, preventing leading causes of death such as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s), Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a sedentary lifestyle and creating conditions that are conducive to health through health education.Aim: This study explored the perceptions of educators regarding implementation of the health promotion programme manuals in selected schools of the Makapanstad community.Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was utilised in this study. Four schools were selected to participate in the study. Purposive sampling was used to select educators from these schools who were actively involved in the health promotion programme. Data collection was taken through focus group interviews. One focus group comprised of eight participants who were interviewed three times. The focus group interviews were conducted until data were saturated. Data were analysed using an adaptation of Tesch’s method. The eight steps of Tesch’s method enabled researchers to systematically analyse and organise data using colour coding to develop data into categories, sub-categories and themes.Results and conclusion: The themes that emerged during data analysis were: the perceptions of educators regarding health promotion programme manuals before implementation of manuals, and the perceptions of educators regarding health promotion programme manuals after the implementation of manuals. Introducing health promotion materials to the schools served as a point of departure for developing personal skills and creating a supportive environment for health in schools. The health promotion manual assisted the educators to attain appropriate health promotion information.

Download Full-text

Factors affecting integration of midwifery nursing science theory with clinical practice in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province as perceived by professional midwives

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v8i2.997 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thivhulawi Malwela ◽

Sonto M. Maputle ◽

Rachel T. Lebese

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Role Models ◽

Clinical Skills ◽

Limpopo Province ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Nursing Science ◽

Whole Process ◽

Science Theory ◽

Contextual Design ◽

Vhembe District

Background: Professional midwives have an important role to play in midwifery training to produce a competent midwife. According to the social learning theory, professional midwives act as role models for students. When allocated for clinical learning experiences in the training hospitals, students will have the opportunity to observe the well-trained, skilled, and experienced professional midwives. The whole process will enable students to integrate theory with practice and they will become competent.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting integration of midwifery nursing science theory with clinical practice as perceived by midwives.Setting: The study was conducted at the training hospitals in Vhembe district of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. These hospitals were: Donald Fraser, Siloam, and Tshidzini.Methods: A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used. A Nonprobability, convenient sampling method was used to select 11 midwives from the following hospitals: Donald Fraser, Siloam, and Tshidzini, in Vhembe district. In-depth individual interviews were conducted. Data were analysed through open coding method.Result: One theme and five sub-themes emerged from the analysed data, namely: shortage of midwives, attitudes towards student midwives, reluctance to perform teaching functions, language barriers, and declining midwifery practice standards.Conclusion: Shortage of midwives in the clinical areas led to fewer numbers of mentors whom the students could observe and imitate to acquire clinical skills. Some of the midwives were reluctant to teach students. Recommendations were made for both training institutions and hospitals to employ preceptors for students in the clinical practical.

Download Full-text

Fasiliterende kommunikasie met die verstandelik vertraagde persoon tydens die behandeling van geringe ongesteldhede

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v23i3.723 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

B Scrooby ◽

SD Roos ◽

AC Gmeiner

Keyword(s):

Close Contact ◽

Effective Interaction ◽

Video Recording ◽

Effective Communication ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Community Nurse ◽

Contextual Design ◽

Minor Ailments ◽

Retarded Individual ◽

Treatment Of Wounds

The research objectives were to explore and describe the nature of communication with the mentally retarded adult during treatment of minor ailments; and to describe guidelines for the community nurse in order to facilitate more effective communication during the treatment of minor ailments in the mentally retarded adult for the promotion, maintenance and restoration of the mentally retarded individual’s health. The community nurse pays attention to the protection of the mentally retarded individual’s health, and identifies and treats minor ailments encountered by the mentally retarded individual. Because of the disability of the adults, lacking communication and obstacles in the exchange and interpretation of communication, could take place between the community nurse and the mentally retarded adult. The responsibility lies with the community nurse to facilitate effective communication, since the mentally retarded individual is not always capable of speaking on his/her own behalf. Guidelines are needed for the facilitation of effective communication between the community nurse and the mentally retarded adult during the treatment of minor ailments. In this research, use were made of a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design. The research method consisted of participative observation during which video recording and the taking of field notes were applied. Two themes were identified during data analysis, namely: ^Verbal communication is aimed at the treatment of wounds. The more functional and task-orientated the community nurse’s interaction with the mentally retarded individual, the more the mentally retarded individual would generate symptoms to establish emotional contact and interaction; The non-verbal behaviour of the community nurse focuses on the treatment of wounds and organisation of the environment. The more structure is created, the more play-out-behaviour is shown by the mentally retarded individual in need of contact. The researcher came to the conclusion that the community nurse refrains form near/close contact with the mentally retarded individual, to bridge her own discomfort. The community nurse is “busy” with the act of treating wounds, in order to refrain from effective interaction.

Download Full-text

CONTEXTUAL DESIGN

The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook ◽

10.1201/9781410615862-63 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 975-990

Keyword(s):

Contextual Design

Download Full-text

Perceived enablers of exclusive breastfeeding by teenage mothers in Ghana

South African Family Practice ◽

10.4102/safp.v62i1.5108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Angela K. Acheampong ◽

Makombo Ganga-Limando ◽

Lydia Aziato

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Age Groups ◽

Teenage Mothers ◽

Care Staff ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

Contextual Design ◽

Breastfeeding Education ◽

History Of

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months can prevent diseases, boost immunity and improve quality of lives of infants. Ghana implemented programmes aimed at reaching the global target of increasing exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months to at least 50% by the year 2025. The country witnessed a decline in the overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding and an increase in the number of teenage mothers. Globally, teenage mothers are less likely to breastfeed than mothers of other age groups. Understanding enablers of exclusive breastfeeding by teenage mothers is important for any intervention aimed at improving exclusive breastfeeding rates and the quality of lives of infants.Method: The study used a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design, with focus groups. A total of six group discussions were conducted with 30 pregnant teenagers recruited from six public hospitals.Results: Seven enablers emerged from the analysis of data. These included positive beliefs about the benefits of breast milk, family history of positive exclusive breastfeeding outcomes, support of the intimate partner, approval of closed-family members, expert opinions of antenatal care staff, teenage-oriented breastfeeding education and community-based breastfeeding education.Conclusion: Health professionals and policy makers could learn from these enablers and use them to promote exclusive breastfeeding practices amongst teenage mothers in Ghana.

Download Full-text

A spotlight on the surfacing of self-management of employees with diabetes seen by professional nurses in selected occupational health clinics in Cape Town

Health SA Gesondheid ◽

10.4102/hsag.v25i0.1430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Copeling ◽

Karien Jooste

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Occupational Health ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cape Town ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Self Management ◽

Health Clinics ◽

Contextual Design ◽

Professional Nurses

Background: Diabetes is considered one of the largest global health challenges of this century and one of the top 10 causes of death across the world. Studies indicate an increased economic burden in relation to diabetes, not only on government revenue but also within private industries. Exploring the perceptions of employees with diabetes mellitus as related to their self-management practices could assist in encouraging behaviours that are associated with positive management outcomes.Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of employees with diabetes mellitus, seen by professional nurses in selected occupational health clinics, about the self-management of their disease.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive contextual design was followed through 17 individual interviews with 17 employees working in various industries in Cape Town, using a semi-structured interview schedule. Open coding of the data followed, and four themes emerged. Measures to ensure trustworthiness were also adhered to in the study, and approval for the study was granted.Results: The study findings gave insight into the manner in which employees perceived their behaviour changes in terms of their self-management practices. Various emotions were expressed by employees relating to the disease as well as the lifestyle adaptations required for self-management thereof. Employees noted that knowledge acquisition and greater understanding of the motivators for lifestyle changes could improve aspects of their day-to-day living as well as the disease outcomes.Conclusion: Employees expressed an awareness of the changes and lifestyle adaptations needed but found aspects thereof to be an ongoing challenge. The areas of challenge varied amongst employees. A consciousness of the possible consequences of poor self-management practices and self-modification behavior to address these was observed.

Download Full-text