The Principle of Fraternité: From the French Constitutions of the Revolutionary Period to the Constitution of the Fifth Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Fernanda Bruno
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Bandurin

The analysis of bibliographic sources of the pre-revolutionary period carried out by the author on the problems for recruitment and education of the higher command staff formation of the boundary guard independent corps can serve as the basis for research of history of the boundary guard, Russian special services, Russian history and related subjects — sociology, psychology, pedagogy, political science, law, culturology, etc.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368
Author(s):  
YEVGENIY ALEKSANDROV

The aim of the article is to recall the fi steps of comprehension by the scientific community of possibilities of a newly born means of the reality reflection. The means was initially oriented for obtaining reliable information and supposing a delayed reaction of the spectator in the process of communication. Recollection and understanding become more important under the distance education condition. Pre-revolutionary Russia lived anticipating changes, and the filmmaking was considered by the society as one of those progressive phenomena evidencing the coming of a new age. The scientists’ activity during the development of scientific fi in pre-revolutionary Russia was long hushed up and wasn’t considered as forming a basis for the future system of educational audio-visual communication. In this process there participated striking, creative personalities, mostly belonged to the community of Imperial Moscow University, which activity was during the age of changes. The significant contribution of pleiad of eminent scientists’ activity to the new direction formation was a reason to unify in one paper both their whole professional life data and information about their time-limited period of scientific fi In the future a more profound study of their achievements are considered to be promising. In the introduction the anterior period of the Russian fi appearance, where the scientific and education community of Russia was exploring the possibilities of a new means of information transfer for education purposes, is considered. Two main units are dedicated to the role of scientists in the development of scientific filmmaking for research and popularization of biomedical and physical problems.


Author(s):  
Эльман Саид-Мохмадович Ахъядов ◽  
Амина Вахаевна Мусаева

Рассмотрены основные концепции развития судебной системы, выдвинутые В. И. Лениным, этапы формирования судебной системы в постреволюционный период, ее становление и развитие. Изменения в судебной системе в связи с образованием СССР, а также роль, полномочия и значимость судебной власти в тот период. The article discusses the basic concepts of the judicial system put forward by V.I. Lenin, the stages of the formation of the judicial system in the post-revolutionary period, its formation and development. Changes in the judicial system in connection with the formation of the USSR, as well as the role, powers and significance of the judiciary in that period.


Author(s):  
Camille Bedock

Whereas the shortening of the presidential term was a long-debated, largely consensual, institutional topic in the story of the French Fifth Republic, the matter of the reordering of the electoral calendar was a circumstantial result of the dissolution and proved very divisive. The chapter shows how, paradoxically, two reforms that followed logically from one another in the minds of reformers, and emerged around the same time, followed hugely distinctive logics in terms of emergence and adoption, were separated sequentially, and were supported by different coalitions each time. This is the case because the reforms were perceived as having different natures: a consensual reform for the five-year term, a divisive reform for the reordering of the calendar. Whereas the quinquennat was debated and adopted through a supermajoritarian process involving deliberation among the vast majority of the political elites, the reordering of the calendar followed a purely majoritarian logic.


Author(s):  
Elena Jackson Albarrán

From the Porfirian period through the revolutionary decades, Mexican educational institutions implemented the waves of Liberal pedagogical trends that sought to universalize education in order to ensure a healthy, productive citizenry. Ideologies informing educational practice, resulting in sometimes-idealistic or utopian experiments designed to accelerate the intended outcomes. While Porfirian educators privileged written texts and institutional spaces as fundamental civilizing tools, educational experts in the revolutionary period drew from the realities of the proletariat to anchor their experiential-based curriculum, though within limits, and with a clear goal of assimilating the indigenous periphery into the cultural nationalist program.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Escobar

A reassessment of the testimonio genre over the past five decades reveals continuities of state-sponsored violence from the revolutionary period to the present. An analysis of Pamela Yates’s 500 Years: Life in Resistance (2017) and Katia Lara’s Berta vive (Berta Lives, 2016) shows Cold War reverberations, unfolding deeper histories of dispossession and legacies of resistance. The first uncovers entangled issues of Guatemalan genocide disavowal and extractive industry while the second denounces the political feminicide of the Honduran environmental activist Berta Cáceres. Both testimonial documentaries mobilize an “archive effect” to contest the optic of colonial capitalism through the ecofeminist perspectives of indigenous women activists. Una reevaluación del género del testimonial durante las últimas cinco décadas revela la continuidad de la violencia estatal desde el período revolucionario hasta el presente. Un análisis de 500 Years: Life in Resistance (2017) de Pamela Yates y Berta vive (2016) de Katia Lara da cuenta de las reverberaciones de la Guerra Fría, desplegando historias más profundas de desposesión y legados de resistencia. La primera obra muestra los intrincados hilos en torno a la negación del genocidio guatemalteco y la industria extractiva, mientras que el segundo denuncia el feminicidio político de la activista ambiental hondureña Berta Cáceres. Ambos documentales testimoniales utilizan un “efecto de archivo” para impugnar la óptica del capitalismo colonial a través de las perspectivas ecofeministas de las activistas indígenas.


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