Item writing and item writers

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Dongil Shin
Keyword(s):  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sawako Matsugu

本論では、教室で実施される客観テストに使用される問題の作成に必要な3つのステップを紹介する。具体的には、1. カリキュラム全体のゴールや学習行動目標の決定と構成概念の構築を含むテスト準備、2. テスト細目表の作成、3. 問題作成である。評価は授業と密接につながっており、授業は学習行動目標が反映されていなければならない。したがって、学習行動目標なしにテスト作成はできない。さらに、構成概念や授業で学習したユニットやトピックをバランスよく測定するにはテスト細目表が非常に便利である。テスト細目表とは、学習行動目標とトピック等の内容を二方向に1つの表にまとめたものである。最後に、テスト問題を作成するにあたって言語やフォーマット関連等の様々な注意点を紹介する。 This paper introduces three important steps for writing items in objective tests used in classroom-contexts; namely, preparing for the test, which includes writing course goals and objectives and defining the construct, making a table of specifications, and writing items. Because assessment is deeply intertwined with instruction, which reflects pre-determined course goals and objectives, tests cannot be developed without instructional goals and objectives. Furthermore, in order to assess constructs and units/topics covered in the class in a balanced manner, a table of specifications, which is a two-way chart that lists both the instructional objectives and test content, is an important tool. Finally, several tips for developing items are introduced.


Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110039
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Holly F. Levin-Aspenson ◽  
Camilo J. Ruggero ◽  
Yuliya Kotelnikova ◽  
...  

As part of a broader project to create a comprehensive self-report measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology consortium, we developed preliminary scales to assess internalizing symptoms. The item pool was created in four steps: (a) clarifying the range of content to be assessed, (b) identifying target constructs to guide item writing, (c) developing formal definitions for each construct, and (d) writing multiple items for each construct. This yielded 430 items assessing 57 target constructs. Responses from a heterogeneous scale development sample ( N = 1,870) were subjected to item-level factor analyses based on polychoric correlations. This resulted in 39 scales representing a total of 213 items. The psychometric properties of these scales replicated well across the development sample and an independent validation sample ( N = 496 adults). Internal consistency analyses established that most scales assess relatively narrow forms of psychopathology. Structural analyses demonstrated the presence of a strong general factor. Additional analyses of the 35 nonsexual dysfunction scales revealed a replicable four-factor structure with dimensions we labeled Distress, Fear, Body Dysmorphia, and Mania. A final set of analyses established that the internalizing scales varied widely—and consistently—in the strength of their associations with neuroticism and extraversion.


1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale Roid ◽  
Tom Haladyna

The emerging technology of item writing for achievement tests is reviewed. Several different approaches to item development are discussed. A continuum of item-writing methods is proposed ranging from informal-subjective methods to algorithmic-objective methods. Examples of techniques include objective-based item writing, amplified objectives, item forms, facet design, domain-referenced concept testing, and computerized techniques. Each item-writing technique is critically reviewed, and empirical studies of methods are described. Recommendations for further research and for applications to achievement testing are presented.


2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 662-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Tarrant ◽  
Aimee Knierim ◽  
Sasha K. Hayes ◽  
James Ware

Author(s):  
Anabel Gutiérrez ◽  
Janet Tello Carrillo ◽  
Erika Paulina Madrigal ◽  
Ana Guadalupe Torres ◽  
Nabja Sarai Solís
Keyword(s):  

1963 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Alison C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  

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