A Comparative Study of the Application of Different Commercial Software for Topology Optimization

Topology optimization (TO) has been a popular design method among CAD designers in the last decades. This method optimizes the given design domain by minimizing/maximizing one or more objective functions, such as the structure’s stiffness, and at the same time, respecting the given constraints like the volume or the weight reduction. For this reason, the companies providing the commercial CAD/FEM platforms have taken this design trend into account and, thus, have included TO in their products over the last years. However, it is not clear which features, algorithms, or, in other words, possibilities the CAD designers do have using these software platforms. A comparative study among the most applied topology optimization software was conducted for this research paper. First, the authors developed an online database of the identified TO software in the form of a table. Interested CAD designers can access and edit its content, contributing in this way to the creation of an updated library of the available TO software. In addition, a deeper comparison among three commercial software platforms—SolidWorks, ANSYS Mechanical, and ABAQUS—was implemented using three common case studies—(1) a bell crank lever, (2) a pillow bracket, and (3) a small bridge. These models were designed, optimized, and validated numerically, as well as compared for their strength. Finally, the above software was evaluated with respect to optimization time, optimized designs, and TO possibilities and features.

Reviews of books and doctoral thesis

Reseñas de libros:Jorge García Valldecabres. Universitat Politècnica de València - Cementerios patrimoniales y turismo: una visión multidisciplinar. V.V.A.A. Editorial Síntesis. Madrid. 2020. ISBN: 978-84-1357-016-7. 401 páginas.María Concepción López González. Universitat Politècnica de València - Representation challenges. Augmented reality and artificial intelligence in cultural heritage and innovative design domain. Andrea Giordano, Michele Russo, Roberta Spallone (Eds.). Franco Angeli. Milano. 2021. ISBN: 978-88-3511-687-5. eISBN: 978-88-3512-528-0. 432 pages.José Antonio Barrera Vera. Universidad de Sevilla - Redrawing the future of graphic expression applied to building / Redibujando el futuro de la expresión gráfica aplicada a la edificación. Ruth Pino Suárez, Norena Martín Dorta (Eds.) Tirant lo Blanch. Valencia. 2021. ISBN: 978-84-1865-693-4. 1340 pagesMarina Sender Contell. Universitat Politècnica de València - Modifica. Modificaciones del confort visual en centros residenciales para la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. Ana Torres Barchino. Universitat Politècnica de València. Valencia. 2020. ISBN: 978-84-9048-866-9. 411 páginas.Mª Aurora Flórez de la Colina. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. - Future of the city. Dorota Gawryluk, Dorota Anna Krawczyk (eds.) Publishing House of Bialystok. University of Technology. Białystok, Poland. 2021. ISBN: 978-83-66391-62-8 (eBook). 110 páginas.Pablo Jeremías Juan Gutiérrez. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - De la utopía al desencanto. Un paseo por la ingeniería y la literatura. José Ramón Navarro Vera. Publishing House of Bialystok Publicaciones de la Universitat d’Alacant. Col·lecció d’Assaig/7. San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), España. 2021. ISBN: 978-84-9717-763-4. 214 páginas. Reseñas de tesis doctorales:Mercedes Valiente López. Universidad Politécnica de MadridPieza termoplástica modular impresa. Aplicación de la tecnología 3D a los procesos constructivos / Printed thermoplastic modular piece. Author/Autor: Sandra Moyano Sanz. Thesis Supervisor/Director:Dr. Mercedes Valiente López. Date/Fecha de Lectura: 12 de Noviembre de 2021

Virtual Validation of an Automated Lane-Keeping System with an Extended Operational Design Domain

Virtual testing using simulation will play a significant role in future safety validation procedures for automated driving systems, as it provides the needed scalability for executing a scenario-based assessment approach. This article combines multiple essential aspects that are necessary for the virtual validation of such systems. First, a general framework that contains the vital subsystems needed for virtual validation is introduced. Secondly, the interfaces between the subsystems are explored. Additionally, the concept of model fidelities is presented and extended towards all relevant subsystems. For an automated lane-keeping system with two different definitions of an operational design domain, all relevant subsystems are defined and integrated into an overall simulation framework. The resulting difference between both operational design domains is the occurrence of lateral manoeuvres, leading to greater demands of the fidelity of the vehicle dynamics model. The simulation results support the initial assumption that by extending the operation domain, the requirements for all subsystems are subject to adaption. As an essential aspect of harmonising virtual validation frameworks, the article identifies four separate layers and their corresponding parameters. In particular, the tool-specific co-simulation capability layer is critical, as it enables model exchange through consistently defined interfaces and reduces the integration effort. The introduction of this layered architecture for virtual validation frameworks enables further cross-domain collaboration.

Identification of Operational Design Domain for Autonomous Truck Mounted Attenuator System on Multilane Highways

The Autonomous Truck Mounted Attenuator (ATMA) vehicle system is a technology that leverages connected and automated vehicle (CAV) capabilities for maintenance of transportation infrastructure. Promoted by FHWA and state departments of transportation (DOTs), it is a niche CAV application in leader–follower style, intended to remove DOT workers from the following maintenance truck, to reduce fatalities in work zones. Because practicable guidance for deployment of this technology is largely missing in MUTCD, state DOTs have been making their own deployment criteria. In this manuscript, we focus on the operational design domain (ODD) problem—under what traffic conditions should ATMA be deployed. Modeling efforts are first focused on the derivation of an effective discharge rate that can be associated with a moving bottleneck caused by slow-moving ATMA vehicles on a multilane highway. Then, based on the demand input and discharge rates, microscopic traffic flow models calculate vehicle delay and density, which the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) suggests are key indicators of a multilane highway’s level of service (LOS). In this way, the linkage between AADT and LOS is analytically established. NGSIM data is used for the model validation and shows that the developed model correctly captures the effective discharge rate discount caused by moving bottlenecks. The modeling results demonstrate that roadway performance is sensitive to the K factor and D factor, as well as the operating speed of ATMA and, if LOS = C is a desirable design objective, a good AADT threshold to use would be around 40,000 vehicles per day.

ODD description methods for automated driving vehicle and verifiability for safety

There is no standard method for describing the Operational Design Domain (ODD) in automated driving vehicles. There are many elements in the operating domain, including the external environment, and it is necessary to connect them with the internal state of the automated driving system. Its content ultimately requires the user's understanding. The description method of this ODD is summarised from the aspect of safety. Consistency with standards and guidelines will also be considered.