Standardized Achievement Testing, Aptitude Testing, and Attitude Testing: How Similar or Different are these Concepts in Educational Assessment?

Testing is an inevitable issue in educational and psychological measurement and assessment. Over the years, several tests and testing mechanisms have been developed to assess different latent traits of learners or examinees. Of these testing forms, standardized achievement, aptitude and attitude testing have taken the forefronts in education, psychology, and research. Whereas these concepts are distinct, they, however, play similar roles which have been misconceived by many, especially those without expertise in educational assessment and measurement. The aim of this paper is to compare standardized achievement testing, aptitude testing, and attitude testing, using a narrative literature review approach. The paper provides a synthesis of gathered information that delineates conditions necessary for the utilization of each testing approach.

APPLICATION OF ACHIEVEMENT TESTING SOFTWARE OF CADETS IN HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The article presents description, advantages, and use of the Achievement Testing Software (ATS) developed by the authors – the teaching staff of the Military Diplomatic Academy named after Yevheniy Bereznyak – for cadets’ achievement testing in the educational process of higher military educational institutions. The authors prove the necessity of the ATS introduction into the educational process of such institutions due to the inability of existing computer testing software to fully satisfy their needs (high costs of technical maintenance, closed exit codes, and constant reliance on the Internet connection making it impossible to provide sensitive information security). Unlike other systems, the ATS is a reliable instrument of military educational control, capable of operating off-line. It was developed based on fundamental works in test theory, measurement and evaluation by Ukrainian and foreign scholars. It can be widely used for different types of achievement testing in higher military educational institutions: classroom; entrance or summative; and in any type of military course. The ATS rational use allows saving learning time and teachers’ effort, simultaneous engagement of many cadets in the training process, as well as objective measurement and evaluation through its automation. The ATS also provides capabilities of control over the educational process which allow curricula correction due to the constant feedback from cadets. Basically, the ATS performs two interrelated functions: test development and editing (by teachers); and academic achievement measuring (by cadets through the developed test items). The system can be easily installed on personal computers with Windows XP Professional SP2 operational system. The article describes in greater detail the procedure of operating in two modules: the Teacher’s Module and the Testing Module. Here, the ATS provides a user-friendly menu that can be easily navigated by pressing on buttons and selecting necessary options according to the instructions. The test entrance is password-protected, the test is encrypted, and the test score can be quickly viewed by cadets and teachers immediately after its completion. The ATS efficiency was proved through an experiment involving cadets of the Military Diplomatic Academy named after Yevheniy Bereznyak by demonstrating improvement in their performance.

Analisa Klasifikasi C4.5 Terhadap Faktor Penyebab Menurunnya Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Pada Masa Pandemi

The purpose of the study was to classify the factors causing the decline in student achievement during the pandemic using the C4.5 datamining method. Sources of research data were obtained by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires to 7th semester students of the 2020-2021 school year information system study program. Attributes that used in the classification of the factors causing the decline in student achievement include: Learning Method (C1), Study Time (C2), Material Understanding (C3), Giving Assignments (C4) and Environment (C5). The results of the calculation show that the Material Understanding (C3) attribute is the attribute that most influences the decline in student learning achievement. Testing was also carried out using the help of Rapidminer software and obtained an accuracy of 97.5%.

Dynamic Assessment Language Tasks and the Prediction of Performance on Year-End Language Skills in Preschool Dual Language Learners

Purpose Early identification is a key element for accessing appropriate services for preschool children with language impairment. However, there is a high risk of misidentifying typically developing dual language learners as having language impairment if inappropriate tools designed for monolingual children are used. In this study of children with bilingual exposure, we explored performance on brief dynamic assessment (DA) language tasks using graduated prompting because this approach has potential applications for screening. We asked if children's performance on DA language tasks earlier in the year was related to their performance on a year-end language achievement measure. Method Twenty 4-year-old children from Spanish-speaking homes attending Head Start preschools in the southwestern United States completed three DA graduated prompting language tasks 3–6 months prior to the Head Start preschools' year-end achievement testing. The DA tasks, Novel Adjective Learning, Similarities in Function, and Prediction, were administered in Spanish, but correct responses in English or Spanish were accepted. The year-end achievement measure, the Learning Accomplishment Profile–Third Edition (LAP3), was administered by the children's Head Start teachers, who also credited correct responses in either language. Results Children's performance on two of the three DA language tasks was significantly and positively related to year-end LAP3 language scores, and there was a moderate and significant relationship for one of the DA tasks, even when controlling for age and initial LAP3 scores. Conclusions Although the relationship of performance on DA with year-end performance varies across tasks, the findings indicate potential for using a graduated prompting approach to language screening with young dual language learners. Further research is needed to select the best tasks for administration in a graduated prompting framework and determine accuracy of identification of language impairment.

Aplikasi Kahoot Sebagai Alat Pengujian Terhadap Pencapaian Murid Dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah

This study aimed to identify the impact of using the Kahoot application in measuring student achievement for Level 1 history subjects. The objectives of this study were to develop achievement testing tools using the Kahoot application for History subjects; and identify differences in use of the Kahoot application and written tests in measuring student achievement. The design of this study was quantitatively based on 30 participants from Form 1 students at a school in Malacca. The study applied survey methods using questionnaires and experiments using test sets to see the impact of student achievement on History subjects using two different testing tools. The results showed that testing tools using the Kahoot app gave students positive results and the achievement for students using the Kahoot app was higher than using conventional testing tools.