War, Autonomous Machines, and the Arms Trade

The Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges for the Legal System

Southern African Public Law ◽

10.25159/2522-6800/6979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Willem Gravett

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Legal System ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Current Trend ◽

Dark Side ◽

Work Practices ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Autonomous Machines ◽

State Surveillance

The development of artificial intelligence has the potential to transform lives and work practices, raise efficiency, savings and safety levels, and provide enhanced levels of services. However, the current trend towards developing smart and autonomous machines with the capacity to be trained and make decisions independently holds not only economic advantages, but also a variety of concerns regarding their direct and indirect effects on society as a whole. This article examines some of these concerns, specifically in the areas of privacy and autonomy, state surveillance, and bias and algorithmic transparency. It concludes with an analysis of the challenges that the legal system faces in regulating the burgeoning field of artificial intelligence.

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Implications of International Law for a Future Arms Trade Treaty

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2231378 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Annyssa Bellal ◽

Stuart Casey-Maslen ◽

Gilles Giacca

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Arms Trade

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A Comparative Study of 3D UE Positioning in 5G New Radio with a Single Station

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1178

Author(s):

Bo Sun ◽

Bo Tan ◽

Wenbo Wang ◽

Elena Simona Lohan

Keyword(s):

Mean Squared Error ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Time Estimation ◽

Satellite System ◽

Base Station ◽

Rectangular Array ◽

Single Station ◽

5G Network ◽

Autonomous Machines ◽

3D Positioning

The 5G network is considered as the essential underpinning infrastructure of manned and unmanned autonomous machines, such as drones and vehicles. Besides aiming to achieve reliable and low-latency wireless connectivity, positioning is another function provided by the 5G network to support the autonomous machines as the coexistence with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is typically supported on smart 5G devices. This paper is a pilot study of using 5G uplink physical layer channel sounding reference signals (SRSs) for 3D user equipment (UE) positioning. The 3D positioning capability is backed by the uniform rectangular array (URA) on the base station and by the multiple subcarrier nature of the SRS. In this work, the subspace-based joint angle-time estimation and statistics-based expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms are investigated with the 3D signal manifold to prove the feasibility of using SRSs for 3D positioning. The positioning performance of both algorithms is evaluated by estimation of the root mean squared error (RMSE) versus the varying signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), the bandwidth, the antenna array configuration, and multipath scenarios. The simulation results show that the uplink SRS works well for 3D UE positioning with a single base station, by providing a flexible resolution and accuracy for diverse application scenarios with the support of the phased array and signal estimation algorithms at the base station.

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Light-driven Ti3C2 MXene micromotors: self-propelled autonomous machines for photodegradation of nitroaromatic explosives

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d1ta02256c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez ◽

Jan Vyskočil ◽

Filip Novotný ◽

Martin Pumera

Keyword(s):

High Energy ◽

Nitroaromatic Explosives ◽

2D Material ◽

Autonomous Machines

Light powered self-propelled 2D-material MXene-based sandwitch micromachines degrade high-energy exposives on a go.

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Engineering Education in the Age of Autonomous Machines

Computer ◽

10.1109/mc.2021.3057407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 66-69

Author(s):

Shaoshan Liu ◽

Jean-Luc Gaudiot ◽

Hironori Kasahara

Keyword(s):

Engineering Education ◽

Autonomous Machines

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Notice of Other Documents

International Legal Materials ◽

10.1017/s0020782900040948 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 314-314

Keyword(s):

Population Size ◽

Arms Control ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Government Printing ◽

Arms Trade ◽

Military Expenditures ◽

The U.S

The report issued by the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, in January 1975, concerns arms expenditures and sales made between 1963 and 1973. The 123-page document is composed mostly of two major parts: a country-by-country breakdown of arms trade for each of the years studied and a study contrasting each country's yearly military expenditures with its G.N.P., population size, and armed forces. The report (U.S. A.CD.A. Publication 74) may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 for $2. Persons ordering from abroad (other than Canada and Mexico) should add 25 percent to the price to cover shipping charges.

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