British Bronze Age burial mounds discussed by Richard Colt Hoare, William Borlase and Edward Cunnington

2016 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Mounds

First archaeological investigations of barrows in the Bačka region and the question of the Eneolithic/Early Bronze Age barrows in Vojvodina

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-375
Author(s):  
Jovan Koledin ◽  
Urszula Bugaj ◽  
Paweł Jarosz ◽  
Mario Novak ◽  
Marcin M. Przybyła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Funeral Ritual ◽  
Science Centre ◽  
National Science ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractIn various prehistoric periods, the territory of Vojvodina became the target of the migration of steppe communities with eastern origins. The oldest of these movements are dated to the late Eneolithic and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. There are at least two stages among them: I – dated to the end of the fourth millennium BC / beginning of the third millennium BC and II – dated from 3000 to 2600 BC and combined with the communities of the classical phase of the Yamnaya culture. The data documenting these processes have been relatively poor so far – in comparison with the neighboring regions of Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. A big drawback was the small number of systematically excavated mounds, providing comprehensive data on the funeral ritual of steppe communities. This poor database has been slightly enriched as a result of the design of the National Science Centre (Cracow, Poland) entitled “Danubian route of the Yamnaya culture”. Its effect was to examine the first two barrows located on the territory of Bačka – the western region of Vojvodina. Currently, these burial mounds are the westernmost points on the map of the cemeteries of the Yamnaya culture complex. Radiocarbon dates obtained for new finds, as well as for archival materials, allow specifying two stages of use of cemeteries of Yamnaya culture: I – around 3000–2900 BC and II – around 2800–2600 BC. Among the finds from Banat, there were also few materials coming probably from the older period, corresponding to the classical phase of Baden – Coţofeni I–II. The enigmatic nature of these discoveries, however, does not allow to specify their dating as well as cultural dependencies.

A Rethink on the Origine of Songgungni Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-125
Author(s):  
Jaeho Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Family System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Shandong Peninsula ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Ceramic Art ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Difference

Songgungni Culture, formed in the late Bronze Age of Korean peninsula, is characterized by the increased power of chieftains, uses of bronzeware, and constructions of huge burial mounds known as Guhoekmyo. The discussion on the difference of Songgungni Culture from previous cultural forms has been divided into the view to see it as foreign influences and that to see it derived from the previous local cultures. The author suggested the latter view first in 1992 but the findings accumulated since then lead us to rethink the origin of Songgungni Culture from a perspective that conjoins these two oft-conflicting views. The Zhou Dynasty and paddy field agrarian culture in the lower area of the Yangtze River influenced the formation of Songgungni Culture given the following findings. First, the Zhou Dynasty’s ceramic art called Beating Technique was discovered in Songgungni Culture with other artifacts such as weights made of stone, bottom parts of Chinese earthenware, and the jar coffins indicating the existence of ascribed status. Second, the excavations of paddy fields, Yunnan- style kilns, independent pillar structures, flask-shaped storage holes, and pestles suggest the propagation of the paddy field rice culture of the lower Yangtze along the coastline of the Shandong Peninsula. Under these foreign influences, Songguk-ri type potteries and other creative agricultural tools were produced. The differentiation of the previous joint family system into the nuclear produced lots of downsized dwelling areas which characterize Songguk-ri culture. And the innovation in the yielding capacity made possible by paddy fields also shows an aspect of Chiefdom settled into this area during the time. The surplus production of this period was not enough to advance towards the autonomous production of bronzeware. The increased size of chieftains’ tombs did not contain enough burial goods. Given the aforementioned findings, Songgungni Culture could be understood as an early stage of Chiefdom, just getting out of the state of fragmented society.

Kurgans and nomads: new investigations of mound burials in the southern Urals

Antiquity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (308) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Morgunova ◽  
O.S. Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The South ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Middle Ages

A new study of the group of kurgans (burial mounds) which stands near Orenburg at the south end of the Ural mountains has revealed a sequence that began in the early Bronze Age and continued intermittently until the era of the Golden Horde in the Middle Ages. The application of modern techniques of cultural and environmental investigation has thrown new light on the different circumstances and contexts in which mound burial was practised, and confirmed the association between investment in burial and nomadism.

Territorial Patterns in Bronze Age Wessex

1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

The work presented in this paper arose from an attempt to study society and economy in England during the period conventionally referred to as the Early and Middle Bronze Ages. The discussion of questions of this sort is traditionally supposed to be less reliable and important than taxonomic studies aimed at the construction of a relative chronology; this is largely because the basic assumptions of typology have not been questioned very much recently. The establishment of an absolute chronology has also been a major object of research, but now that the Mycenaean import horizon has finally collapsed (Newton and Renfrew, 1970) there is a vacuum which is hardly filled by the handful of radiocarbon dates available. We have the vaguest of ideas about what was actually happening in terms of people, but our understanding of when it was happening, and in which order, is only marginally better.Most information has come from the contents of burial mounds, but the topographical aspects of the barrows have been neglected, despite the immensely valuable information collected by Grinsell for much of southern England, including lists of all known barrows and what has been found in them. Without this information, this kind of study would have been impossible. Grinsell's maps of round barrow distributions in Dorset (Grinsell, 1959, maps 2 and 4) and Wiltshire (Grinsell, 1957, maps IV and V) suggest that even on one geological solid (in this case chalk) there are great differences in the densities of these monuments, that bell- and disc-barrows are not distributed at random, and that a study of the sizes and types of cemetery might prove rewarding, although maps at this scale can only provide general indications.

scholarly journals Adatok a kétegyházi két török-halom tájtörténetéhez

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-373
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Rosa Rubiginosa ◽  
North West ◽  
Burial Mounds

Only a few ancient architectural monuments remain standing in the central region of the Hungarian Great Plain. However, the kurgans’ unique 5000-year-old treasures still exist in this area, with many landscape archaeological, archaeological topography, and landscape ecological survey prospects. Mounds can be found on the banks of no-longer exisiting rivers and at some points of higher altitude areas. The oral tradition of the Great Hungarian Plain marked the man-made, artificial, conical rises in the landscape that are associated with ancient, archaeological periods as mounds. According to their origin, kurgans can be classified as burial sites and sacred points of nomad people in prehistory. The two „Török-halom” kurgans are the biggest burial mounds of the kurgan field near Kétegyháza (Békés County, Hungary) in the Körös-Maros National Park (Kígyósi-puszta). Built by people of the Yamnaya Entity in the Late Copper Age (3000–2700 BC), the northern kurgan and its surface is intact without drastic disturbance, and in the vicinity there are natural sites, especially saline grasslands. Our research team worked on landscape archaeological, landscape historical, and GIS informatical investigations. We made a 3D field model of the kurgan, and created the landscape history and local changes of the last 300 years based on boundary charters, handmade and printed maps, archive, air and orto photos. Due to the botanical survey we made a complete list of the vascular plant species found on the surface of the original northern kurgan. The flora of the earth monument is species-rich. Most species have a generalist loess grassland or ruderal character, though there also occur some valuable species of botanical and nature conservation importance (e.g. Ranunculus illyricus, Rosa rubiginosa, Ononis spinosiformis subsp. semihircina, Stachys germanica, Carthamus lanatus). The southern Török-halom kurgan was mined by the local agricultural cooperative in 1967. Before the full mining of the site an archaeological excavation was carried out on the kurgan, during which the central burial site and three other burials were documented. After the mining only a little part of the bottom remained on the north-west side, which conserved original loess vegetation. In a large-scale project the southern kurgan was rebuilt by the Körös-Maros National Park Directorate in 2011, and its surface has reconstructed loess vegetation. Since no settlements of the nomadic Late Copper Age/Early Bronze Age Yamnaya communities have been discovered yet in the Carpathian Basin, the only way to collect more information on these people is through the analysis of their special graves, the burial mounds.

The Bronze Age landscape of the Bjäre peninsula, southern Sweden, and its relationship to burial mounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina E. Hannon ◽  
Richard.H.W. Bradshaw ◽  
Jenny Nord ◽  
Mats Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Bronze Age

Bronze Age Burial Mounds on Bahrain

Iraq ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Mounds

Segmented Embanked Pit-Alignments in the North York Moors: A Survey by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England

1993 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Lofthouse
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
And Function

This report describes a group of distinctive earthworks in the north-east of the North York Moors (fig. 1) that, prior to investigation by the RCHME, had been categorised as double pit-alignments. The earthworks consist of two or three pairs of pits, with the spoil from the pits spread into parallel enclosing banks. The orientation of the segments is fairly consistent along an axis north-west to south-east; in each case there seems to be a tangential alignment on burial mounds, putatively Bronze Age in date, which may give a clue as to their age and function.

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