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Published By Hungarian Geographical Society (Magyar Foldrajzi Tarsasag)

0015-5411

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-353

n the past years, the relationship between Transylvanian Hungarians and Romanians has been stressed by symbolic conflicts that revolved around the Hungarians’ use of their minority language and symbols. These conflicts are more pronounced in ethnically mixed cities where Hungarians are still living in significant numbers. This paper analyses one such city, Târgu Mureş, from the perspective of critical toponymy. It studies how efficiently local Hungarian and Romanian symbols are inscribed onto the toponymic landscape, as well as what kind of nationalisms they suggest. Drawing on theoretical insights from nationalism studies and critical toponymic research, the study interprets empirical data based on the analysis of street names, educational institution names and the bilingualism of street name signs. On the one hand, the paper concludes that Romanian symbols are overrepresented in the toponymy. On the other hand, it suggests that local Romanian nationalism has a nationalising character whereas local Hungarian nationalism seems to be more local patriotic in nature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-287

This paper investigates how animals have appeared in geographical works from the discipline’s institutionalisation until recently. I scrutinize the different animal geographies in broader context to shed light on the motivations behind why geographers focused on animals from different perspectives. This overview is especially important for evaluating the novelty of the ‘new’ animal geography. The distribution of animals on Earth has been investigated in many ‘geographical’ works since the 18th century but most of them were not written by ‘geographers’, even after the institutionalisation of the discipline. The geography of domestication and domesticated animals also has a long history, but the Berkeley School, whose representatives were especially active in this field, was pushed into the background in the second part of the 20th century. The ‘new’ animal geography that focused on the human-animal relation started to unfold in the 1990s.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-316

n the regional policy of the European Union, the importance of regional typologies linked to specific geographical elements has varied over the past decades. This article shows that since the 1990s the role of these specific regional typologies, and thus of regional characteristics, in European regional policy has been declining. However, the analysis of a wide range of socio-economic data reveals that some types of regions (sparsely populated regions, outermost regions, external border regions) are in a particularly unfavourable socio-economic situation, while others may need specific support not at European but at macro-regional level (for example, the coastal regions of the Mediterranean). The article concludes that, although the value of GDP per capita is indeed only marginally explained by the different regional typologies, broadening the concept of underdevelopment and recognising macro-regional challenges could be a priority for the European Union.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-334

Protecting nature and conserving biodiversity in habitats are now important principles worldwide. However, the use of conservation areas in many cases are affected by agriculture and tourism, too. In this paper, we aim to summarise the cooperation and conflicts between nature conservation, agriculture and tourism in the Kiskunság National Park (KNP), looking back over the past decades. Based on document reviews, in-depth interviews and GIS analysis we scrutinize how the economic interests are reflected in the use of the conservation areas. Our results show that the 'margin of manoeuvre' for nature conservation is continuously narrowing and many factors – such as the EU’s agricultural and rural development support schemes – influence the processes in protected areas. Thus, the recognition of the interdependence of the three sectors and the necessity of cooperation provide the basis for successful rural development in the areas of nature conservation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-368

The post-Fordist and post-socialist transition had a significant impact on the development of cities in East Central Europe. One of the most spectacular processes in the development of postsocialist cities has been the transformation of the inner areas and outskirts of the urban regions. In the inner areas, after the regime change, urban regeneration gained momentum and thanks to the prevailing neoliberal urban policies almost without exception triggered gentrification processes in the neighbourhoods. Outside the administrative boundaries of the city, in the agglomeration zone and in the more remote areas of the urban region, suburbanisation and urban sprawl have determined the development process. As a consequence, the previously compact urban fabric of post-socialist cities slowly disintegrated and cities became more and more fragmented. The aim of this theoretical study is to explore the most important processes of urban transformation in the post-Fordist era. We briefly introduce the theoretical background of metropoliszation, suburbanization and urban sprawl, as well as the main characteristics of commuting and land use. The role of urban regeneration and fragmentation in the urban fabric will be highlighted as well.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-299

n this study the possible future thermal consequences of a fictional protective forest around Szeged were examined. The aims of this installation are the adaptation to climate change and reducing air pollution. However, the complex effects of local urban climate should be taken into consideration as well. Therefore, the changing of heat load due to the forest was studied by presenting the change of climate indices during the 21st century. In order to simulate the local circumstances of the city, a MUKLIMO_3 local scale model was applied. EURO-CORDEX regional model simulations ensured the climate data for periods 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 using scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Our results show that the effect of the protective forest is not favourable in certain parts of the city due to the reduction or block of the ventilation. The forest induces cooling effect mostly during daytime, but the extent of unfavourable effects exceeds the advantages especially at night time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231

Speleothem formations are one of the most important and informative objects in paleoclimatological research. However, in order to interpret the data that reflect environmental conditions, we have to know the operation of the given cave, and it should be determined how the composition of the carbonate formed at the given site is related to the changes in the environmental parameters. The study presents the results of stable isotope geochemical analysis of speleothem formations and carbonate precipitated on glass plates collected in the Vacska Cave (Pilis Hills). The youngest layer of carbonate formations, formed in the last 1-2 decades, shows an isotope fractionation sign indicating strong ventilation, with the exception of a single site farthest from the entrance to the cave. The isotope shift was also accompanied by a change in carbonate fabric. Preceding the fabric change, the carbonate of the speleothem formations did not show ventilation-related shifts in the isotope compositions, suggesting that the exploration and opening of the cave areas may have caused the change. Based on this, we recommend the installation of local closures in the Vacska Cave and in the entire Ariadne cave system. The study provides a good example of how the results of basic research can be utilized in practical environmental protection, in the preservation of a strictly protected cave environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-223

In this study, the surface karst of the Western Mecsek is overviewed based on literary data. Non-karstic features (abrasion platforms, epigenetic valleys) and karstic features are also taken into consideration. Its karst features are solution dolines, subsidence dolines, point recharge dolines and concretions. The specific characteristics of the dolines of the karst are their large density, the arrangement of solution dolines into rows, and the fact that solution dolines are not situated on valley floors. The occurrence of subsidence dolines can largely be related to solution dolines. The morphometry of dolines shows differences from the morphometry of the dolines of the karst of the Aggtelek Mountains and of the karst of the Bükk Mountains.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-248

Numerous studies draw a direct link between party institutionalization and democratic (re) consolidation. The level of organization of a given political movement can easily determine their subsequent electoral performance. Not just in Hungary, but within the wider Central-Eastern-European region, accessing data on party membership, branch offices, etc., is extremely challenging, therefore concluding or discovering party organizational strength is a critical research area. In this study I am making a bold attempt to unveil the social embeddedness of the most important political parties from the 2014 general elections to the latest EP elections (2019), by using the polling station table-seater delegates` presence as an indicator of local party presence itself. I assume that, if a given party is not able to delegate a single person to a certain polling station, they have no operating organizations at the grassroots level, therefore it indicates their lack of localization and extensive network. With simple quantitative methodologies, I was also seeking the relationship between electoral performance and party organizational presence locally.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260

The Wildlife Reserve of Velyka Dobron – which is located next to the village of Velyka Dobron (Hungarian: Nagydobrony), the fourth most populous Hungarian community in Transcarpathia – is the third-largest protected reserve of national importance in the country. We used a Geographic Information System to process and map the historical geographical place names of the settlement and the protected area (pieces of land within the cadastral boundaries but located either outside the settlement boundary or on its outskirts) based on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd military surveys, a cadastral map dating back to 1865 and the documents available in the Beregszász branch of the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast (fonds 125, description 6, file 344), as well as literary materials. As a result, a database comprising a list of 57 place names of the area was compiled. Likewise, a map of the pieces of land within the former cadastral boundaries and in the Nagydobron’ Wildlife Reserve was made. Analysis of forest area and land use changes showed that 16 pieces of land within the cadastral boundaries, but located either outside the settlement boundary or on its outskirts, have completely lost their former nature and as a result became part of the inner area of the settlement. Consequently, the compiled database and maps may help to specify the location of the ongoing research and clarify the accurate place of the earlier studies.


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