Kreisky - Brandt - Khrushchev: The United States and Austrian Mediation during the Berlin Crisis, 1958-1963

2017 ◽  
pp. 171-185
Author(s):  
Martin Kofler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Berlin Crisis

The Soviet Union versus the United States

Tempting Fate ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 114-134
Author(s):  
Paul C. Avey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Berlin Crisis ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Nuclear Attack ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Considerable Pressure

This chapter assesses Soviet behavior during the Berlin Crisis. The Soviet Union proceeded cautiously throughout the period of American atomic monopoly. That restraint continued during the Berlin crisis and is attributable in part to US nuclear monopoly. The Soviets avoided a direct challenge to the United States outside their immediate sphere of influence prior to 1948. From the Soviet perspective, the worsening security situation in Germany in 1948 necessitated action. The subsequent Berlin blockade was designed to exert considerable pressure on the Americans. As a conventionally capable nonnuclear power, though, the Soviets imposed tight constraints on their actions for fear of fighting a war with the United States that would turn nuclear. As a result, no war occurred despite the Soviet ability to inflict a rapid military defeat on the United States in a key area of the world for both countries. Consistent with the framework developed in Chapter 1, Soviet leaders took steps to reduce the benefits of nuclear use for the Americans by reducing the danger to the United States during the crisis and taking steps to hedge against an American nuclear attack.

RIAS and the Berlin Crisis of 1958–1961

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Germany ◽  
The United States ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Alternative Employment ◽  
Berlin Crisis ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Challenges

This chapter chronicles how Nikita Khrushchev's efforts to bring about a decisive solution to the Berlin question during the late 1950s affected RIAS. It also recounts how RIAS confronted the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961. As discussed in the previous chapter, RIAS faced a series of new challenges during the period following the 1953 uprising in East Germany, eventually leading to the second Berlin crisis. Moreover, cuts to the United States Information Agency's budget filtered down to RIAS, leading many of its staff to look for better-paying positions elsewhere. Beginning in 1954, RIAS staff seeking alternative employment could look to the newly created Radio Free Berlin (SFB), West Berlin's first public independent broadcaster. SFB's creation would alter the media landscape in Berlin.

scholarly journals Berlin crisis 1945-1961. How does American diplomacy in Germany reflect the overall scope of American foreign policy during the first phase of the Cold War?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Peran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Berlin Crisis ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City

The United States was so determined to resist the Soviet threat that it would go as far as to break international laws and commit espionage in Berlin to advance its goals. The contentious standoff that nearly resulted in war would be overshadowed by the Cuban Missile Crisis one year later in 1962. Regardless, American foreign policy formed in Berlin was reflective of the American approach to the global conflicts during the decades of the Cold War. The United States would formulate its foreign policy at the start of the Cold War during the division of Germany into zones of occupation, which led to the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, and continued to focus its efforts on demolishing the Berlin Wall, and subsequently uniting the city and Germany. These goals of American foreign policy were accomplished in 1989 with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Berlin and Germany, with the end of the Cold War occurring shortly thereafter.

Psychophysiological Stress during International Crises: Research in Progress

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Layne Oots
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Instrument ◽  
Voice Analysis ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Berlin Crisis ◽  
Psychophysiological Stress ◽  
Northern Illinois University ◽  
Biosocial Research

Previous studies at the Program for Biosocial Research at Northern Illinois University utilized an electronic instrument to conduct voice analysis for the purpose of determining the amount of psychophysiological stress experienced by a political speaker. These studies then tested the technique on the speeches of three presidents during international crises: John F. Kennedy during the 1961 Berlin crisis, Lyndon B. Johnson during the crisis in the Dominican Republic, and Richard M. Nixon during the United States incursion into Cambodia.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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