scholarly journals Diversity and structure preferences for ant-hemipteran mutualisms in cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L., Sterculiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch ◽  
Thamy E. D. Marques ◽  
Cléa S. F. Mariano ◽  
Esperidião A. S. Neto ◽  
Alexandre Arnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ant Community ◽  
Mutualistic Interactions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Leaf Flush ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The aim of this study is to evaluate the diversity and specificity of ant-hemipteran mutualisms according to the different structures observed on cocoa trees. The experiment was carried out in two cocoa planting systems: cabruca and derruba total at Ilhéus, Brazil. We made observations and collected monthly over one year the mutualistic ants and hemipterans that occurred on Theobroma cacao L. trees. Observations were performed on cacao trees at three distinct sites of the plant: flowers, pods and leaf flush. We observed 932 ant-hemipteran associations, comprising 203 different mutualistic interactions. The assemblage was composed of 26 hemipteran species and 54 ant species. No differences were observed in the ant community, however, we found differences in the hemipteran community according to the different structure evaluated. We recorded a total of 404 trophobiosis events on pods, 394 on leaf flushes and 134 on flowers. Our results point out the diversity of ant-hemipteran trophobioses in the cocoa agrosystems resembles the diversity found in tropical forests and demonstrate that the location of interactions may result in ecological restrictions for some organisms involved in these trophobioses in cacao agrosystems.

scholarly journals Ecological Diversity of Soil Fauna as Ecosystem Engineers in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid ◽  
Tati Suryati Syamsudin ◽  
Franciscus Xaverius Susilo ◽  
Endah Sulistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Ecosystem Engineers ◽  
Biotic Interaction ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

Taxa diversity within soil fauna functional groups can affected ecosystem functioning such as ecosystem engineers,which influence decomposition and nutrient cycling. The objective of this study is to describe ecological diversityvariation within soil fauna as ecosystem engineers in soil ecosystem of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plantation.Sampling was conducted during one year period from five different ages of plantation. Soil fauna removed from soilcore using hand sorting methods. A total of 39 genera of soil fauna as ecosystem engineers were found during thesestudies. Thirty five genera belong to the group of Formicidae (ants), three genera of Isoptera (termites), and onegenera of Oligochaeta (earthworms). Ecological diversity variation within ecosystem engineers was detected withSimpson indices for dominance and evenness. The highest diversity of ecosystem engineers was in the young ageof plantation. This study reinforces the importance biotic interaction which contributed to the distribution andabundance within soil fauna community as ecosystem engineers in small-holder cocoa plantation.[How to Cite: Kilowasid LMH, TS Syamsudin, FX Susilo and E Sulistyawati. 2012. Ecological Diversity of Soil Fauna as Ecosystem Engineers in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe. J Trop Soils 17 (2): 173-180. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.173] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.173]

Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽  
Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo.  No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE AMÊNDOAS E QUALIDADE DE LIQUOR DE CACAU (Theobroma cacao L.) SUPERIOR BAHIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Melo Neto ◽  
E.A. Carvalho ◽  
D.L.N. Mello ◽  
A.C. Anjos ◽  
A.C.R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

DETERMINATION OF INCOMPATIBILITY ALLELES OF SCAVINA 6 (Theobroma cacao L.) CLONE IN FARM SELECTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Milton Macoto Yamada ◽  
Wilson Reis Monteiro ◽  
Uilson Vanderlei Lopes ◽  
José Luis Pires ◽  
Basil G. D. Bartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Ảnh hưởng của dung môi và phương pháp trích ly đến khả năng chiết tách các hợp chất phenolics, saponins và alkaloids từ vỏ quả ca cao (Theobroma cacao L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56(4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Văn Tặng ◽  
Trần Thị Mỹ Hạnh ◽  
Phạm Châu An ◽  
Phan Thị Bích Trâm ◽  
Huỳnh Quốc Trung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Genetic diversity of native cultivated cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nicaragua

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Erwin Aragon ◽  
Claudia Rivera ◽  
Helena Korpelainen ◽  
Aldo Rojas ◽  
Paula Elomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

A total of 60 farmers' cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) from Nicaragua were investigated using microsatellite markers to reveal their genetic composition and to identify potentially resistant genotypes against the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora. These accessions were compared with 21 breeders' accessions maintained locally, two Criollo accessions from Costa Rica and two accessions from Ecuador. The analyses showed a low level of differentiation among groups of farmers' accessions (FST = 0.06) and that six Nicaraguan accessions were genetically closely related to the two Criollo accessions used as a reference. In addition, seven distinct genotypes were found to have allelic composition that may indicate linkage to resistance alleles, thus being potential parental lines in future breeding programmes.

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