scholarly journals The possibility of complex studying for the geological environment during seismic-ecological monitoring in areas of increased environmental danger

Author(s):  
М.Г. Попов ◽  
О.Г. Попова

Актуальность настоящей статьи состоит в том, чтобы показать возможность при проведении локального сейсмо-экологического мониторинга (ЛСЭМ) получать не только двумерное, но и трехмерное представление о глубинном и скоростном строении изучаемого объекта, а также анализировать трехмерные модели показателей напряженного состояния геологической среды во времени. ЛСЭМ проводится на ограниченных территориях с целью оценки степени экологической безопасности и уменьшения риска опасных природных явлений на этапе наблюдения при строительстве и эксплуатации объектов особой важности, таких как ГЭС, АЭС, объектов недропользования, а также мегаполисов. Цель работы. Цель настоящей статьи показать результаты трехмерного комплексного изучения среды с помощью локального сейсмо-экологического мониторинга на реальных объектах для районов Балаковской АЭС и Московского мегаполиса. Методы исследования. По кинематике обменных волн PS от далеких землетрясений получены данные о рельефе глубинных границ и скоростном строении изучаемых регионов. Построены трехмерные модели глубинного и скоростного строения. По энергии обменных волн от далеких землетрясений оценены показатель анизотропности g и показатель напряженного состояния среды S для разных уровней глубин и разных временных интервалов наблюдения в районе планируемой Тверской АЭС. Результаты исследований. Построены трехмерные модели показателя анизотропности g. Полученные трехмерные модели показателя анизотропности g и оценка показателя S позволили выявить аномалии показателя g, усиление и исчезновение этих аномалий в пространстве и во времени, а также выявить влияние далекого катастрофического землетрясения из района Аляски на изменение значений геодинамических показателей. Сделан вывод, что при проведении локального сейсмо-экологического мониторинга (ЛСЭМ) в разных районах исследования имеется возможность построить трехмерные модели глубинного и скоростного строения исследуемого региона, а также изучить распределение геодинамических показателей анизотропности g и напряженного состояния S в разных диапазонах глубин и для разных временных интервалов, и как результат, построить трехмерные модели, характеризующие напряженное состояние региона во времени. The relevance of this article is to show the possibility of obtaining not only a two-dimensional, but also a three-dimensional idea about the depth and speed structure of the object during researching by local seismic-ecological monitoring (LSEM), as well as to analyze three-dimensional models of indicators of the stress state of the geological environment over time. LSEM is carried out in limited areas in order to assess the degree of environmental safety and reduce the risk of natural hazards at the stage of observation during the construction and operation of facilities of special importance, such as hydroelectric power stations, nuclear power plants, subsoil use facilities, as well as megalopolis. Aim. The purpose of this article is to show the results of a three-dimensional complex study of the environment using local seismic -ecological monitoring at real objects for the Balakovo NPP region and the Moscow megalopolis. Methods. Based on the kinematics of the converted waves PS from distant earthquakes, data were obtained on the relief of deep borders and the speed structure of the studied regions. Three-dimensional models of deep and speed structure were built. Based on the energy of converted waves from distant earthquakes, the anisotropostig indicator gand the stress state indicator of medium S for different depth levels and different time observation intervals for the area of the planned Tver NPP were estimated. Results. Three-dimensional models of the anisotropy indicator gare built. The obtained three-dimensional models of the anisotropy indicator g. and the assessment of the indicator S revealed the anomalies of the indicator g., the amplification and disappearance of these anomalies in space and in time, as well as the influence of a distant catastrophic earthquake from the Alaska region on the change in the values of geodynamic indicators. It was concluded that when conducting local seismic-ecological monitoring (LSEM) in different study areas, it is possible to build three-dimensional models of the depth and speed structure of the studied region, as well as to study the distribution of geodynamic indicators of anisotropy of g. and stress state S in different depth ranges and for different time observation intervals, and as a result, to build three-dimensional models characterizing the stressed state of the region in time.

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 544-546
Author(s):  
HL Wakkerman ◽  
GS The ◽  
AJ Spanauf

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Durán-Pérez ◽  
José G. Rendón-Maldonado ◽  
Lucio de Jesús Hernandez-Diaz ◽  
Annete I. Apodaca-Medina ◽  
Maribel Jiménez-Edeza ◽  
...  

Background: The protozoan Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis, is an intestinal parasite that commonly affects humans, mainly pre-school children. Although there are asymptomatic cases, the main clinical features are chronic and acute diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption syndrome. Little is currently known about the virulence of the parasite, but some cases of chronic gastrointestinal alterations post-infection have been reported even when the infection was asymptomatic, suggesting that the cathepsin L proteases of the parasite may be involved in the damage at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Objective: The aim of this study was the in silico identification and characterization of extracellular cathepsin L proteases in the proteome of G. duodenalis. Methods: The NP_001903 sequence of cathepsin L protease from Homo sapienswas searched against the Giardia duodenalisproteome. The subcellular localization of Giardia duodenaliscathepsin L proteases was performed in the DeepLoc-1.0 server. The construction of a phylogenetic tree of the extracellular proteins was carried out using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software (MEGA X). The Robetta server was used for the construction of the three-dimensional models. The search for possible inhibitors of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases of Giardia duodenaliswas performed by entering the three-dimensional structures in the FINDSITEcomb drug discovery tool. Results: Based on the amino acid sequence of cathepsin L from Homo sapiens, 8 protein sequences were identified that have in their modular structure the Pept_C1A domain characteristic of cathepsins and two of these proteins (XP_001704423 and XP_001704424) are located extracellularly. Threedimensional models were designed for both extracellular proteins and several inhibitory ligands with a score greater than 0.9 were identified. In vitrostudies are required to corroborate if these two extracellular proteins play a role in the virulence of Giardia duodenalisand to discover ligands that may be useful as therapeutic targets that interfere in the mechanism of pathogenesis generated by the parasite. Conclusion: In silicoanalysis identified two proteins in the Giardia duodenalisprotein repertoire whose characteristics allowed them to be classified as cathepsin L proteases, which may be secreted into the extracellular medium to act as virulence factors. Three-dimensional models of both proteins allowed the identification of inhibitory ligands with a high score. The results suggest that administration of those compounds might be used to block the endopeptidase activity of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases, interfering with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis.


2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Eley ◽  
Robin Richards ◽  
Dermot Dobson ◽  
Alf Linney ◽  
Stephen R. Watt-Smith

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