The Role of Gender in Civil – Military Cooperation: A Unique Opportunity for Change

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Cook ◽  
Donna Winslow
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Military Engagement ◽  
Conflict Outcomes

Post-conflict reconstruction provides a unique opportunity to redress the experience of women during war and capitalize on the shifting gender roles prompted by conflict to advance a more equitable female citizenship. However, most post-conflict initiatives have not incorporated a gender-based action plan, impeded by a disparate prioritization of gender by civil and military actors. In order to ensure equitable post conflict outcomes, gender representation and mainstreaming must be comparably prioritized by civil and military engagement in peace building. This paper explores Bosnia as a case study to highlight the necessary role of civil-military cooperation in gender-based peace building.

Higher education, post-conflict democratization and the legacies of authoritarian rule: The Tripoli University Programme for Rebuilding Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 174619792098136
Author(s):  
Sansom Milton
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Transitional Processes ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the role of higher education in post-uprising Libya is analysed in terms of its relationship with transitional processes of democratization and civic development. It begins by contextualising the Libyan uprising within the optimism of the ‘Arab Spring’ transitions in the Middle East. Following this, the relationship between higher education and politics under the Qadhafi regime and in the immediate aftermath of its overthrow is discussed. A case-study of a programme designed to support Tripoli University in contributing towards democratisation will then be presented. The findings of the case-study will be reflected upon to offer a set of recommendations for international actors engaging in political and civic education in conflict-affected settings, in particular in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Complexities and Context: Women's Peace-Building in Conflict and Post-Conflict Bougainville

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dylan Page
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Peace And Conflict Studies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Context Specific

<p>The potential role of women in conflict and post-conflict environments has been the subject of much debate in the field of peace and conflict studies. In 2000 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1325, which called for a greater involvement of women and acknowledgement of gender issues in conflict and post-conflict environments, and this has led to further discussion about what this might mean and how it might be implemented. Despite this women are continually under-represented in nearly all peace processes and there is no universally agreed upon way to ensure this situation does not come about. The barriers women face range from cultural to logistical and economic, and surmounting them can be hard to achieve.  One case where women have been involved at all levels in the peace process with substantial success is the Pacific island of Bougainville, where a conflict over mining issues and secession from Papua New Guinea was waged from 1988-1997. Women were active in attempts to bring all parties to negotiations during the conflict and have also been heavily involved in the continuing reconciliation and healing processes. For cultural reasons Bougainvillean women were well placed to perform the role of peace-builders but that is not to say that they did not face challenges and barriers to their involvement. This thesis examines the involvement of women in both the immediate peace negotiations and the longer-term aspects of the peace process in Bougainville in order explain how and why they enjoyed these successes and what lessons can be learnt from this case in regards to the potential roles of women in other post-conflict environments. Four factors will be identified as key to women's involvement in the peace process: the history of Bougainville up to and including the conflict; the grassroots mobilisation and organisation of women; the traditional cultural roles of women in Bougainville; and the identification of women with motherhood and its associated traits.  These factors indicate that the involvement of women in peace processes is highly context-specific and although there are policies which can be pursued to encourage their participation the potential barriers to this are imposing.</p>

scholarly journals Inductive/Deductive Learning by Considering the Role of Gender—A Case Study of Iranian French-Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Rahmatian ◽  
Fatemeh Zarekar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Based

<p class="apa">This article defines the objective of discovering the first preferred styles of Iranian learners of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) as regards inductive or deductive learning; and secondly, the difference between gender-based learning tendencies. Considering these points as target variables, the questionnaire developed by Felder and Silverman in 1988 was applied to form the learning styles and consequently to associate them with inductive and deductive approaches. The results led the team to set the idea which is based on the choice of induction or deduction in language learning and the gender variable that follows different directions. Consequently, in terms of the inductive approach, we find ourselves facing a rather male solicitation. A proportion of the use of this approach is also associated with women whose motivation is seen rather noticeably. Moreover, the significance is relative rather than significant in all the relationships studied in this research: males and inductive (1)/deductive learning (2); females and inductive (3)/deductive learning (4); inductive (5)/deductive (6) among Iranians.</p>

The Case for ‘Trust Awareness’ as a Key Soft-Skill for Peacekeepers

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 224-245
Author(s):  
Sara Singleton ◽  
Anne Holohan
Keyword(s):  
Local Institutions ◽  
Local Ownership ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
South Lebanon ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Military Engagement ◽  
Organizational Cooperation

This article uses the case study of the unifil mission in South Lebanon to explore the role of trust in facilitating or obstructing inter-organizational cooperation and local ownership in a traditional UN peacekeeping mission. Peacekeeping is distinct from many other forms of military engagement in the level of cooperation it requires, not only between different national military contingents, but between militaries and international police and civilian staff, personnel from local institutions and municipalities, and local communities. This article argues that the inter-organizational cooperation necessary for effective interoperability will not happen unless there is trust between the militaries working together. Equally, local ownership is not possible unless local populations trust peacekeepers to be impartial. However, this soft skill – awareness of the role of trust and how to engender it – is not included in pre-deployment training for military personnel. We outline the soft skill of ‘trust awareness’, including a typology of trust relevant for peacekeeping, and ‘trust mechanics’- practical actions and behaviors that foster trust.

Gender Roles and Memory Loss in Old Age: An Exploration of Linkages

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W. Markson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Old Age ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Working Class Women

A framework relating gender roles, role loss, and memory is presented. For the now-old woman, her identity has usually been defined by her roles within the family; other personal touchstones have been less legitimate. In old age, when key family roles dwindle, many women who have relied on their families as sources of identity are placed in an anomic situation, especially women with limited resources. When few meaningful social roles exist in the present, memory becomes increasingly important as a link to develop and maintain the self. It is proposed that, without meaningful present roles to frame one's past experience, memory is likely to be characterized by a high frequency of nonintegrated, relatively meaningless relationships, in turn leading to a narrowing of horizons and inability to take the role of the other. Episodic memories may decay since present events have no interest and generic memory becomes impaired. A case study approach is used to examine the relationship between self-preoccupation, group affiliation, object relations, and memory loss among three older working-class women. Their speech patterns, specifically pronoun use, were analyzed and support the postulate that a high frequency of self-references indicates memory loss and paucity of present experience.

8 Regional peacekeeping and enforcement action

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gray Christine
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cold War

This final chapter examines the role of regional peacekeeping, the limitations on what may be expected from it, and the uncertainties about the applicable law that remained at the end of the Cold War. The UN Secretary General, in his 1991 Agenda for Peace, argued that the regional organizations possessed a potential that should be used for preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping, peacemaking, and post-conflict peace building. Since then the UN has increased its cooperation with regional organizations in the sphere of peacekeeping. The Brahimi Report and the 2015 High-level Panel Report made recommendations on the division of labour between the UN and regional organizations in the light of their comparative advantages. Today, regional organizations, and particularly the African Union, operate as ‘first responders’ when the UN is not willing or able to take swift action in situations of ongoing conflict.

Dialogical Development: A Kosovo Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Preüss
Keyword(s):  
Societal Transformation ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Nongovernmental Organisation ◽  
Sectoral Growth

This paper examines the practice of dialogical development in the context of the agribusiness sector of post conflict Kosovo. It looks at the role of an INGO (international nongovernmental organisation) in facilitating sectoral growth, while deliberately addressing deep historical divisions in order to promote stabilization, reintegration and ultimately societal transformation. It also attempts to define the place of dialogue in this process.

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