Market-based Mechanisms as Climate Policies: Insights for Brazil

elni Review ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Natascha Trennepohl
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Trading Scheme

The use of market-based mechanisms as environmental policies to achieve greenhouse gas emissions reduction has been in place for some years and remains an attractive option in the international climate regime. This article intends to highlight basic elements of setting up an emission trading scheme and the corresponding framework in place in Brazil, considering that the country has signaled its intention to encourage the development of the Brazilian Emissions Reduction Market (MBRE). Hence, the structure of the article will be as follows: Initially, basic design elements of an emissions trading scheme are described. Following this, a general overview of the national policy on climate change in Brazil is presented, followed by references to the Brazilian Emissions Reduction Market (Mercado Brasileiro de Redução de Emissões - MBRE) and the recently established Standard for the Voluntary Carbon Market.

scholarly journals Climate Challenges, Ecological Modernization, and Technological Forcing: Policy Lessons from a Comparative US-EU Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Szarka
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Technical Proficiency ◽  
Trading Scheme

The practice of “technological forcing,” understood as policy designed to accelerate technological innovation for the purposes of environmental protection, was pioneered in the USA during the 1970s and continued in Europe with feed-in tariffs for renewable energy and the emissions trading scheme. In order to draw lessons for climate policy, the article tests the capacity of “technological forcing” to translate ecological modernization theory into effective policy and practice, by providing analysis of three case studies. It argues that ambitious climate policies require not only technical proficiency in policy design, but also greater acknowledgment of the need to achieve structural change in major industrial sectors. It concludes that technology-based policies need to be accompanied by economic and political strategies to counteract incumbent resistance, and delineates potential means to do so.

Global Problem—Regional Solution? International Law Reflections on an EU CO2 Emissions Trading Scheme for Ships

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Ringbom
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Emission Trading Scheme ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Trading Scheme

AbstractInternational law questions linked to a potential future European Union ‘emission trading scheme’ for shipping are addressed. If such a scheme were to be introduced (which is not yet clear), and if it were designed to cover emissions that have occurred beyond the territorial waters of the Member States or even in other States’ maritime zones (which, in that case, seems likely), it would evoke interesting questions of principle relating to the jurisdiction of States to impose requirements on foreign ships for matters which take place beyond their territory. Different approaches to the question are discussed, starting from the law of the sea, but also including a brief review of other potentially relevant branches of international law. It is concluded that international law does not necessarily prevent the establishment of such a scheme, but places a number of important limitations on its design.

scholarly journals Carbon Communities and Hotspots for Carbon Emissions Reduction in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5508
Author(s):  
Huang ◽  
Kelly ◽  
Lu ◽  
Lv ◽  
Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Network Reduction ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Trading Scheme

With China’s commitment to peak its emissions by 2030, sectoral emissions are under the spotlight due to the rolling out of the national emission trading scheme (ETS). However, the current sector policies focus either on the production side or consumption while the majority of sectors along the transmission were overlooked. This research combines input–output modelling and network analysis to track the embodied carbon emissions among thirty sectors of thirty provinces in China. Based on the large-data resolution network, a two-step network reduction algorithm is used to extract the backbone of the network. In addition, network centrality metrics and community detection algorithms are used to assess each individual sector’s roles, and to reveal the carbon communities where sectors have intensive emission links. The research results suggest that the sectors with high out-degree, in-degree or betweenness can act as leverage points for carbon emissions mitigation. In addition to the electricity sector, which is included in the national ETS, the study also found that the metallurgy and construction sectors should be prioritized for emissions reduction from national and local levels. However, the hotpots are different across provinces and thus provincial specific targeted policies should be formed. Moreover, there are nineteen carbon communities in China with different features, which provides direction for provincial governments’ external collaboration for synergistic effects.

scholarly journals Impact of Government and regulatory policy on hill country farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
A. Crofoot
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Freshwater Management ◽  
Trading Scheme

New Zealand has a long history of Government policy affecting agriculture. Some policy interventions, such as Producer Boards were long-lived, others like Land Development Encouragement Loans and the Supplementary Minimum Price scheme ramped up quickly and were then dismantled. Currently, the National Policy for Freshwater Management and the Emissions Trading Scheme are having mixed effects on hill country farmers. While regulation is often seen by farmers as a negative, environmental regulation has the potential to be used for market advantage. Farmers need to engage in policy and regulation development as they can help avoid unintended consequences. If they do not then they are ceding control of important aspects of their business to others. This paper explores some of the impacts of past and present policy on hill country farming from a farmer's perspective, and based on 9 years of regular involvement in development and implementation of policy at a local, regional and national level. Keywords: policy, National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management, Emissions Trading Scheme, farmer engagement

scholarly journals Fraud Risk and the Visibility of Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Martin ◽  
Reece Walters
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Fraud Risk ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Trading Scheme

In recent years, carbon has been increasingly rendered ‘visible’ both discursively and through political processes that have imbued it with economic value. Greenhouse gas emissions have been constructed as social and environmental costs and their reduction or avoidance as social and economic gain. The ‘marketisation’ of carbon, which has been facilitated through various compliance schemes such as the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, the Kyoto Protocol, the proposed Australian Emissions Reduction Scheme and through the voluntary carbon credit market, have attempted to bring carbon into the ‘foreground’ as an economic liability and/or opportunity. Accompanying the increasing economic visibility of carbon are reports of frauds and scams – the ‘gaming of carbon markets’(Chan 2010). As Lohmann (2010: 21) points out, ‘what are conventionally classed as scams or frauds are an inevitable feature of carbon offset markets, not something that could be eliminated by regulation targeting the specific businesses or state agencies involved’. This paper critiques the disparate discourses of fraud risk in carbon markets and examines cases of fraud within emerging landscapes of green criminology.

Developing a Carbon Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Trennepohl
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Adjustment Mechanisms ◽  
Border Adjustment

Scaling up carbon pricing initiatives is essential, especially in times of a fragmented climate regime, carbon border adjustment mechanisms, and a growing need to increase ambition and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This book starts with the international climate framework and explores the design elements and main legal challenges of implementing the emissions trading system in Europe, particularly in Germany, as well as the positive elements that could be transferred to other countries, especially Brazil, when structuring this kind of carbon pricing initiative.

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