emissions reduction
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2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Beibei Shi ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Rong Kang ◽  
Qiang Gao

With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather in cities, economic, ecological and social activities have been greatly impacted. The adverse effects of global extreme climate and effective governance have attracted more and more attention of scholars. Considering the differences between developed and developing countries in climate response capacity, a key issue is how to encourage developed countries to provide adequate assistance to developing countries and enhance their enthusiasm to participate in addressing climate change challenges. Given this background, we evaluated the carbon emission reduction effects of developing countries before and after a “quasi-natural experiment” which involved obtaining the assistance of climate-related funding from developed countries. Specifically, we analyzed the assistance behavior for recipient countries and found that climate assistance can effectively reduce the carbon emissions level of recipient countries, and this result has a better impact on non-island types and countries with higher levels of economic development. Furthermore, the achievement of this carbon emissions reduction target stems from the fact that climate assistance has promoted the optimization of the energy structure of recipient countries and promoted the substitution of renewable energy for coal consumption. In addition, climate-related development finance plays a significant role in promoting the scientific and technological level of recipient countries, especially the development impact of the adaptive climate-related development finance. Therefore, this paper suggests that the direction of climate assistance should focus more on island countries and countries with low economic development level, and pay more attention to the “coal withdrawal” of recipient countries and climate adaptation field.


Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Solomon Aforkoghene Aromada ◽  
Nils Henrik Eldrup ◽  
Lars Erik Øi

The performance of a plate heat exchanger (PHE), in comparison with the conventional shell and tube types, through a trade-off analysis of energy cost and capital cost resulting from different temperature approaches in the cross-exchanger of a solvent-based CO2 capture process, was evaluated. The aim was to examine the cost reduction and CO2 emission reduction potentials of the different heat exchangers. Each specific heat exchanger type was assumed for the cross-exchanger, the lean amine cooler and the cooler to cool the direct contact cooler’s circulation water. The study was conducted for flue gases from a natural-gas combined-cycle power plant and the Brevik cement plant in Norway. The standard and the lean vapour compression CO2 absorption configurations were used for the study. The PHE outperformed the fixed tube sheet shell and tube heat exchanger (FTS-STHX) and the other STHXs economically and in emissions reduction. The optimal minimum temperature approach for the PHE cases based on CO2 avoided cost were achieved at 4 °C to 7 °C. This is where the energy consumption and indirect emissions are relatively low. The lean vapour compression CO2 capture process with optimum PHE achieved a 16% reduction in CO2 avoided cost in the cement plant process. When the available excess heat for the production of steam for 50% CO2 capture was considered together with the optimum PHE case of the lean vapour compression process, a cost reduction of about 34% was estimated. That is compared to a standard capture process with FTS-STHX without consideration of the excess heat. This highlights the importance of the waste heat at the Norcem cement plant. This study recommends the use of plate heat exchangers for the cross-heat exchanger (at 4–7 °C), lean amine cooler and the DCC unit’s circulation water cooler. To achieve the best possible CO2 capture process economically and in respect of emissions reduction, it is imperative to perform energy cost and capital cost trade-off analysis based on different minimum temperature approaches.


Significance The country has abundant renewable energy resources and substantial potential for green energy exports, but development to date has been minimal. Domestic firms are focused on the gas sector and foreign investors have been deterred by a hostile business environment. However, Algiers has taken steps recently to incentivise investment. Impacts The lack of development to date means the country’s emissions reduction targets are at risk of being missed. The December tender is likely to attract more interest than previous efforts because of changes to foreign investment conditions. Competition from new developers may prompt greater interest from Algeria’s state energy companies, in part to ward off challenges.


Eos ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenessa Duncombe

The insecticide sulfuryl fluoride isn’t included in federal or state emissions reduction goals.


2022 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 125971
Author(s):  
Rayane de Lima Moura Paiva ◽  
Lucas Rosse Caldas ◽  
Adriana Paiva de Souza Martins ◽  
Romildo Dias Toledo Filho

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