Obesity in domestic cats – a literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (134) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Glauco Vinício Chaves ◽  
Maria Luisa Rodrigues Mendes ◽  
Fúlvio Régian Costa Jacob ◽  
Stênio Nunes Alves
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Energy Restriction ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Anesthetic Risk ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases

Obesity is one of the most important nutritional disorders affecting domestic cats, and has a multifactorial etiology. Main risk factors include age, breed, gender, neutering, type of food, and frequency of feeding. In addition to the metabolic syndrome, obesity is associated to development of orthopedic diseases and skin disorders. Obesity increases anesthetic risk and decreases longevity and quality of live. Body condition score is the standard method of diagnosis, and treatment consists in dietary energy restriction and exercise programs. Prevention is paramount to disease control. In this article we review the current literature related to feline obesity and highlight its prevalence and etiology, as well as the role of adipose tissue – as an endocrine organ –, in the diseases. Comorbidities, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are discussed.

Effects of rice straw versus wheat straw as ingredients in a total mixed ration on intake, digestibility and growth of Holstein heifers

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Rauch ◽  
G. Cun ◽  
G. A. Nader ◽  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Dairy Heifer

Rice straw (RS) has generally not been considered as an ingredient in dairy heifer or cow rations in the developed world, at least partly due to its tough physical character. However, recent research aimed at developing harvesting methods that increase mixability and reduce animal-sorting problems has identified straw-preparation methods with substantially improved physical properties. A ‘slicer’ baler method was used to prepare RS for use in two feeding studies, so as to determine effects of RS versus wheat straw (WS) as ingredients in a total mixed ration (TMR) on dairy heifer performance. The WS-TMR-fed heifers in Experiment 1 had substantially higher frame growth than did RS-TMR-fed heifers, and maintained body condition score, while RS heifers lost body condition score. A main reason for reduced performance with the RS-TMR-fed heifers was at least partly due to reduced DM intake, which may have been due to slower-degrading fibre and/or a higher dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) of the RS-TMR. However, the large treatment differences may also have been due to compensatory growth in WS-TMR-fed heifers as all heifers had been fed the RS-TMR before initiation of the study. The WS-TMR-fed heifers in Experiment 2 had the same frame growth, but somewhat higher BCS accumulation, than did RS-TMR-fed heifers, which may have been due to the lower straw-inclusion levels in the diets, smaller treatment differences in DCAD versus Experiment 1 and/or a lack of compensatory growth, since all heifers had been fed a higher-energy diet before the study. However, after a further 28-day period, when all calves were fed the WS-TMR, measures of skeletal growth and BCS had converged. Overall, results support a lower nutritional value of RS than WS, while demonstrating the practical utility of using energy restriction–realimentation regimes to increase heifer growth efficiency.

scholarly journals Obesity and Aging in Humans and Nonhuman Primates: A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Vaughan ◽  
Julie A. Mattison
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Condition Score

The prevalence of obesity in the US is increasing exponentially across gender, age and ethnic groups. Obesity and a long-term hypercaloric diet result in what appears to be accelerated aging, often leading to a multi-systemic deterioration known as the metabolic syndrome. Due to their physiological similarity to humans as well as comparable rates of spontaneous obesity and diabetes mellitus, nonhuman primates provide a useful translational model for the human condition. They allow for an in vivo study of disease progression, interaction of comorbidities, and novel interventions. However, defining obesity in aged humans and nonhuman primates is difficult as the physiological changes that occur with aging are not accounted for using our current systems (BMI - body mass index and BCS - body condition score). Nonetheless, nonhuman primate studies have greatly contributed to our understanding of obesity and metabolic dysfunction and should continue to play a large role in translational research. Here, methods for defining obesity and metabolic syndrome in humans and nonhuman primates are described along with the prevalence and effects of these conditions.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure, Serum Glucose, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides in Dogs with Different Body Scores

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro José Lahm Cardoso ◽  
Rafael Fagnani ◽  
Carolina Zaghi Cavalcante ◽  
Marcelo de Souza Zanutto ◽  
Ademir Zacarias Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Condition Score

The objective of this research was to determine the frequency for the occurrence of MS in dogs, using the criteria determined, and to correlate the criteria of dogs that would characterize the MS with different body condition score (BCS). 271 dogs with different body scores were studied, with 101 dogs with BCS 4-5; 101 dogs with BCS 6-7; and 69 dogs with BCS 8-9. Among the dogs studied, 62 (22,87%) had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. Of these, 28 had BCS 6-7, while 34 dogs had BCS 8-9. Therefore, 27,72% of overweight dogs had inclusion criteria for MS and 49,27% of obese ones had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. When only overweight and obese dogs were considered as a total population, it was observed that 36,47% got inclusion criteria for the MS. No dog with BCS 4-5 showed two or more inclusion criteria for MS. The metabolic syndrome, according to the parameters for inclusion defined in the literature, was observed in 22,87% of the animals studied and in 36% of dogs overweight or obese. Furthermore, MS was most common in obese (49%) compared to overweight dogs (27%).

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