scholarly journals METALLIC ARCHITECTURE OF CHINA IN LATE MIDDLE AGES: TYPOLOGY AND ARTISTRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Ren Nianchen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Casting Technology ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Architectural Structures

The article considers the use of copper-alloy and iron casting technology in China from the Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) to the Qing dynasty (1644–1912 AD) inclusive. The architectural typology covers cult buildings – Buddhist and Tibetan-Buddhist pagodas, Taoist temples, and secular park pavilions. The specifics of the technology and artistic expressiveness distinguishing Chinese metallic architectural structures are identified based on concrete examples using the formal stylistic method of art analysis and technical analysis method. It is concluded that the metallic architecture did not work out new structural and art forms, the casting technique reproducing the structures and décor of wooden prototypes. This was associated with both the conservatism of visual perception and centuries-long standardized forms of cult and palace architecture. The casting technology potentialities enabled the structural and decorative features of wooden prototypes to be reproduced in every detail.

Modes and textures of secondary minerals on Chinese coins of different ages

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Fang ◽  
L. P. Tan ◽  
E. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

AbstractA thorough assessment of the secondary minerals on 796 Chinese Pb-Cu-Sn-Zn bronze coins from ∼1100 BC to AD 1911 has been made. Malachite is found on more than 80% of the coins irrespective of their dynasties, but a botryoidal texture is only observed on the coins of the Song dynasty or older. Azurite, however, is seen in microscopic quantities on a single coin of ∼AD 1800, but is clearly visible on the Ming dynasty or older coins. Cerussite is a common secondary mineral of the Qin dynasty and older coins, though it has not been found on the Qing dynasty or younger coins. Cuprite is observed on the Song dynasty and older coins.

Raw Materials for Making Jingdezhen Porcelain from the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Yap ◽  
Younan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Porcelain Stone ◽  
Five Dynasties ◽  
Porcelain Production

This is a study of 66 pieces of Jingdezhen porcelain bodies and their relation to 13 raw materials, three of which are kaolin and the rest porcelain stones from Jingdezhen. For Jingdezhen porcelains, the results show that the alumina content increases and silica content decreases as a function of time, except during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, when this trend was reversed. For raw materials, although kaolin could never be used alone for porcelain production, four of the porcelain stones could be used alone for this purpose during the Five Dynasties and part of the Song Dynasty. However, all porcelains made thereafter have varying amounts of kaolin added to the porcelain stone. Except for a reversal during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, we found that the amount of kaolin added was a function of time, reaching as high as about 60% during the Qing Dynasty.

An Investigation on Copper Red Glazes from Jingdezhen of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guozhen ◽  
Liu Zeyong ◽  
Guo Yengyi
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Yuan Dynasty ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties ◽  
High Regard ◽  
Sophisticated Technology

AbstractCopper red glazes made at the pottery center of Jingdezhen during the Ming and Qing dynasties are one of the most famous and precious porcelain products of China. They were based on earlier technology developed in the Tong-guan kiln in Tang dynasty and on the Ru and Jun wares of the Song dynasty. The earliest copper red glazes appeared as early as the late Yuan dynasty. The dazzlingly beautiful altar red and ruby red products were created at Jingdezhen in the Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming dynasty. Other copper reds created at Jingdezhen were the Longyao red of the Kangxi period and the imitation Jun, flambe amd others of Yongzhen and Qianlong periods of the Qing dynasty. Chinese copper red glazes have been held in high regard throughout the world, and many have wondered at their complex and sophisticated technology. Through analysis, we unlock some of the technical secrets of these famous wares in order that more people may appreciate the technical excellence underlying the visual appearances of these wares and that these glazes may be replicated better by contemporary ceramic factories in Jingdezhen.Seven examples of Jingdezhen copper red glazes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, refiring tests and microprobe analysis to determine the compositions, microstructures and firing temperatures.

Exorcising the Body Politic

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew King
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Eastern Tibet

This study examines thirteenth to twentieth century Tibetan and Mongolian monastic memorializations of the bodily violence enacted upon Köten Ejen at the center of the “Buddhist conversion of the Mongols.” Koten Ejen (Tib. Lha sras go tan rgyal po, 1206–1251) was Chinggis Khan’s grandson and a military leader involved in Mongol campaigns against the Song Dynasty and against Buddhist monasteries in eastern Tibet. In 1240, Koten famously summoned the Central Tibetan Buddhist polymath Sakya Pandita, by then already an old man, to his court at Liangzhou. Examining Tibetan and Mongolian accounts about their meeting from the last seven centuries, this study shows that it was neither compelling philosophy nor some turn of faith that converted the Mongols. It was, rather, Sakya Pandita’s violent therapeutic intervention into the space of Koten’s ill body that wrenched the Mongol body politic into the Dharmic fold.

The church in the West Highlands in the late middle ages

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Church
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