scholarly journals Examining The Relationship Between Smoking Cigarettes and Experiences of Sleep Disturbances

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis HAWKINS ◽  
Nasiru Gill ◽  
Victoria C. Taylor ◽  
Deirdre Thompson ◽  
Sonia Bell
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Current Cigarette

Research has shown there is a relationship between adolescent and young adult cigarette smokers and experiences of sleep disturbances. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between cigarette smoking and sleep disturbances, such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly or falling asleep during the day among adolescent and young adult smokers who are participants in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Participants were (N = 25,049) adolescents and early adulthood participants (Mean age = 15.83, SD = 4.53) who answered the questions for the variables in this study. Approximately 55% of the participants reported significant problems with sleep trouble, such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly or falling asleep during the day in the past month (29.7%), two to twelve months (13.8%), and over a year ago (11.3%) (measured using the Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews [ACASI]). Approximately 54% of the same participants reported smoking daily (39.6%) or some days (14.1%) (measured using ACASI). The specific methods used in this study was a correlational test of the variables predicted to be positively related. It was hypothesized that there is a positive link between one's cigarette smoking and having significant difficulty with sleeping, such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly or falling asleep during the day. Consistent with the hypothesis, current cigarette smoking was statistically significantly related to having significant difficulty with sleeping, such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly or falling asleep during the day, resulting with r = .073 (p < .01) at the 0.01 level (1-tailed). The R2 and adjusted R2 = .005, and the ANOVA table revealed there is a statistically significant linear relationship between current smoking of cigarettes and having sleep disturbances such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly or falling asleep during the day. These results suggest that as one’s cigarette smoking increases their experience with sleep disturbance, such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly or falling asleep during the day increases. These results support the rejection of the null hypothesis of there being no statistically significant relationship between current cigarette smoking and having sleep disturbances. There is a weak positive correlation between current cigarette smoking and having sleep disturbances. It is concluded that cigarette smoking among young adults is associated with experiences of sleep disturbances. Future research is needed to determine the complex relationship between smoking and sleep disturbances; there are several other factors that should be considered, such as genetic factors, race/ethnicity, lifestyle choices and SES.                          

scholarly journals The association of waterpipe tobacco smoking with later initiation of cigarette smoking: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the gateway theory

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Al Oweini ◽  
Mohammed Jawad ◽  
Elie A Akl
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Gateway Theory ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking

IntroductionThere is a concern that waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) can lead to the later initiation of cigarette smoking, a concept referred to as the ‘gateway theory’. The objective of the study was to systematically review the literature for the association of WTS with later initiation of cigarette smoking.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase and ISI Web of Science in April 2018 without using any language or date restrictions. We selected eligible studies, abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a duplicate and independent approach. We meta-analysed the ORs across eligible studies using the inverse variance method and the random-effects model. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.ResultsWe included eight papers reporting on six eligible prospective cohort studies with a total of 21 224 participants, belonging to the adolescent and young adult age categories. The pooled adjusted OR for the association between ever waterpipe user (compared with never waterpipe user) at baseline, with ‘cigarette smoking initiation’ (ever cigarette use) was 2.54 (95% CI 1.60 to 4.02) at 6 months to 3 years follow-up (moderate certainty evidence). The pooled adjusted OR for the association between ever waterpipe user (compared with never waterpipe user) at baseline, with ‘current cigarette smoking’ (past 30-day cigarette use) was 2.04 (95% CI 1.32 to 3.15) at 1–2 years follow-up (moderate certainty evidence). The pooled adjusted OR for the association between past 30-day waterpipe user (compared with never waterpipe user) at baseline, with current cigarette smoking (past 30-day cigarette use) 2.46 (95% CI 1.73 to 3.49) at 6 months to 1 year follow-up (high certainty evidence).ConclusionOur findings indicate that WTS is associated with more than doubling of the odds of later initiation of cigarette smoking, supporting the gateway theory. Strengthening WTS policies is a priority and further research is needed on the development and evaluation of appropriate clinical and public health interventions.

scholarly journals Young Adult Cancer Survivorship: Recommendations for Patient Follow-up, Exercise Therapy, and Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C Adams ◽  
Jennifer Herman ◽  
Iliana C Lega ◽  
Laura Mitchell ◽  
David Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Survivors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
Young Adult Cancer ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Abstract Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers (AYAs) often live 50 to 60 years beyond their diagnosis. This rapidly growing cohort is at increased risk for cancer- and treatment-related late effects that persist for decades into survivorship. Recognition of similar issues in pediatric cancer survivors has prompted the development of evidence-based guidelines for late effects screening and care. However, corresponding evidence-based guidelines for AYAs have not been developed. We hosted an AYA survivorship symposium for a large group of multidisciplinary AYA stakeholders (approximately 200 were in attendance) at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, ON) to begin addressing this disparity. The following overview briefly summarizes and discusses the symposium’s stakeholder-identified high-priority targets for late effects screening and care, and highlights knowledge gaps to direct future research in the field of AYA survivorship. This overview, while not exhaustive, is intended to stimulate clinicians to consider these high-priority screening and care targets when seeing survivors in clinical settings and, ultimately, support the development of evidence-based ‘late effects’ screening and care guidelines for AYAs.

Abstract P122: Racial/Ethnic Variation in Incidence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification: Implications for Understanding the Hispanic Paradox

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra S Albrecht ◽  
Pamela L Lutsey ◽  
Matthew Allison ◽  
Teresa Seeman ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Hispanic Health ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Background: Previous studies show that Hispanic persons have similar or lower levels of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and slower progression than non-Hispanic whites (NHW), even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. We examined whether this health advantage in CAC incidence and progression among Hispanic adults extends across all levels of risk factor (RF) burden, and whether associations vary by nativity (foreign-born, US-born) and by heritage group (Mexican, non-Mexican). Methods: We analyzed data on Hispanic and NHW participants aged 45-84 years from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Follow-up CAC measurements and complete covariate data were available for 3694 participants with an average of 6.6 years between the follow-up and baseline scans (2000-2002). Baseline measures of the following traditional RFs were considered: current cigarette smoking, high total cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, with RF burden scores ranging from 0-5. Outcomes were incident CAC (any follow-up CAC >0 Agatston units) among individuals without detectable CAC at baseline, and CAC progression (any positive increase in CAC) among all participants estimated using relative risk regression. All models were adjusted for age, sex, RF burden, race/ethnicity, education, income, and time between scans Results: Although a higher proportion of Hispanics had RF burden scores ≥3 compared to NHW (14.6% vs 8.9%, p<0.0001), Hispanics had a lower adjusted incidence (risk ratio (RR) = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.96) and less progression of CAC (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95) than NHW. However, there was evidence of heterogeneity in this pattern. For example, among individuals with no detectable baseline CAC, a Hispanic health advantage was only seen among individuals with RF burden scores of 0 (RR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.48-0.91 for Hispanics vs. NHW at RF=0), with race/ethnic differences getting progressively smaller with increasing RF burden (for RF ≥3: RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.69-1.48). Compared to NHW, lower adjusted incidence and progression of CAC was evident to an even greater extent among foreign-born Hispanics, but a health advantage was still present for US-born Hispanics, and for both Hispanic heritage groups. However, these patterns also only remained among individuals with lower RF burden scores. Conclusions: The Hispanic health advantage in CAC incidence and progression was primarily evident among individuals with fewer traditional risk factors for CVD, but was present among different Hispanics groups. Future research is necessary to identify the factors underlying this advantage, and the dynamics that erode it as RF burden increases.

Cigarette smoking, comorbidity, and general health among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer

Cancer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (18) ◽  
pp. 2895-2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Kaul ◽  
Sreenivas P. Veeranki ◽  
Ana M. Rodriguez ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
General Health ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Young Adult Cancer

Disparities in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among bisexual people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055747
Author(s):  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Travis Salway ◽  
Benjamin Ahn ◽  
Lori E Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Meta Regression

ObjectiveTo review the bisexual-specific prevalence and likelihood of cigarette smoking relative to lesbian/gay and heterosexual individuals.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus and LGBT Life databases (from 1995 to September 2019) for studies reporting cigarette smoking among bisexuals versus their comparators.Study selectionObservational, quantitative, peer-reviewed studies providing estimates for lifetime, past 30 days or current cigarette smoking among bisexuals and any of the two comparators were selected.Data extractionData on sexual orientation groups, cigarette smoking, sample type and mechanism, data collection mode, country and median year, as well as gender and age groups were extracted.Data synthesisRandom-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled OR (95% CIs) of cigarette smoking. Meta-regression was used to examine the difference in the prevalence of cigarette smoking by study and sample characteristics. Of 4663 unduplicated records, 47 unique studies were included (14, 23 and 22 studies on lifetime, past 30 days and current cigarette smoking, respectively). Compared with lesbians/gays and heterosexuals, bisexuals were 1.25 (1.15 to 1.37) and 2.18 (1.84 to 2.59) times more likely to report lifetime smoking, 1.17 (1.08 to 1.27) and 2.49 (2.20 to 2.83) times more likely to report past 30 days smoking and 1.19 (1.00 to 1.43) and 2.26 (1.97 to 2.59) times more likely to report current smoking. Gender was a significant covariate in the meta-regression models.ConclusionsCigarette smoking was more prevalent among bisexuals than lesbians/gays and heterosexuals, with the estimates showing a greater magnitude among bisexual women relative to all other sexual orientation/gender subgroups.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of current cigarette smoking and secondhand smoking among Greek adolescents: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2013 study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e034760 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rachiotis ◽  
Anastasia Barbouni ◽  
Athanasios Basagiannis ◽  
Antonis Katsioulis ◽  
Konstantinos Kostikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Secondhand Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette

ObjectivesSmoking prevalence in Greece is considered high within the European Union and the collection of evidence on tobacco use among adolescents is of vital importance in order to develop effective smoking prevention and cessation programmes.DesignCross-sectional.SettingGreece.Primary and secondary outcome measuresGlobal Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a national representative, paper-and-pencil, cross-sectional, school-based study of students at ages 13–15 years. The survey employed a multistage cluster sample design with schools selected proportional to enrolment size. Finally, 4618/5127 students aged 13–15 years participated in the survey. The school response rate was 98.1%, the student response rate was 90.1% and the overall response rate was 88.4%.ResultsThe prevalence of current cigarette smoking was estimated at 10.1% (10.4% in GYTS 2005) and of exposure to secondhand smoking in public places at 67.4% (94.1% in GYTS 2005). The vast majority of the adolescents (82.1%) supported the banning of smoking inside enclosed public places. Most of the current smokers (90.8%) were not prevented/refused purchase because of their age according to existing law. Multivariate analysis showed that peer influence (OR=48.32; 95% CI 36.2 to 64.48), pocket money (OR=2.63; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.41), increasing age (OR=2.35; 95% CI 1.63 to 3.39) and low educational level of father (OR=2.82; 95% CI 1.7 to 4.68) were risk factors independently associated with current cigarette smoking.ConclusionsDespite the existence of strict laws related to tobacco control, exposure to secondhand smoking among Greek students remained high even when compared with GYTS in 2005. This is likely a result of weak enforcement, what is really missing is the enforcement of the related legislation.

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