Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
Sunflower Cake

<em>Abstract</em>.—Many U.S. natural resource agencies stock catfish (Ictaluridae) into small impoundments to provide recreational fishing opportunities. However, effective standardized methods for sampling catfish in small impoundments have not been developed for wide application, particularly in the southeastern United States. We evaluated the efficiency of three bait treatments (i.e., soybean cake, sunflower cake, and no bait) of tandem hoop nets in two North Carolina small impoundments during the fall of 2008 and spring of 2009 in a factorial experimental design. The impoundments were stocked with catchable-size channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em> at contrastingly low (5.5 fish/ha) and high (90.0 fish/ha) rates prior to our sampling. Nets baited with soybean cake consistently sampled more channel catfish than any other treatment. Channel catfish catch ranged as high as 3,251 fish per net series during the fall in nets baited with soybean cake in the intensively stocked impoundment and was up to 8.5 and 15.3 times higher during the fall than in the spring in each impoundment. Nets baited with soybean cake sampled significantly (12 and 24 times) more channel catfish than those with no bait in the two impoundments. These trends did not occur among other catfish species. Nonictalurid fish and turtle catch was higher during spring compared to that of fall, corresponding with low channel catfish catches. Our results indicate that tandem hoop nets baited with soybean cake during the fall is a more efficient method for sampling channel catfish compared to nets baited with sunflower cake or no bait in spring or fall. Our findings validate this technique for application in southeastern U.S. small impoundments to assess catfish abundance to guide management and evaluate the success of catfish stocking programs.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
Columnaris Disease

<em>Abstract</em>.—U.S. Game and Fish agencies and farm-pond owners throughout the United States use commercially produced channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus </em>fingerlings transported from the southern United States for supplemental stocking. We conducted six trials to examine whether pathogen load, body condition, and select environmental factors influence fingerling survival following transport and cage stocking. Fingerlings were sampled prior to stocking and weekly for the following 3 weeks. Weights and lengths were measured, and a relative condition index was used to quantify body condition. Skin scrapings and gill clippings were examined microscopically for pathogens, and posterior kidney was assayed for <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Mortality was either less than 10% (four trials) or catastrophic (two trials). A Columnaris disease epizootic was associated with ~50% mortality in one trial, and a red sore disease epizootic was associated with ~80% mortality in another. Body condition or other pathogens, present initially or acquired in study ponds, were not associated with high mortality. The first week appears to be critical for the survival of channel catfish fingerlings following transport.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Second International

<em>Abstract</em>.—Baited, tandem hoop nets are increasingly being used to sample channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em> populations in reservoirs. However, there have been no published studies to address the effect of soak duration on precision of catch. The effect of soak duration on precision of channel catfish catch in baited, tandem hoop nets was evaluated in three Texas reservoirs. Precision of channel catfish catch was inconsistent among reservoirs when one-night soak durations were used but improved with two-night and three-night soak durations. Although catch precision was similar for two- and three-night soak durations, sampling effort could be doubled using two-night rather than three-night soak durations during a standard work week if a manager did not prefer to leave gear unattended during a weekend. Thus, we recommend use of baited, tandem hoop-net series with two-night soak durations to sample high-abundance channel catfish populations in reservoirs.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Fish Density ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Fish

<em>Abstract</em>.—In recent years, several state agencies have adopted the use of baited, tandem-set hoop nets to assess lentic channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em> populations. Some level of escapement from the net is expected because an opening exists in each throat of the net, although factors influencing rates of escapement from hoop nets have not been quantified. We conducted experiments to quantify rates of escapement and to determine the influence of throat configuration and fish density within the net on escapement rates. An initial experiment to determine the rate of escapement from each net compartment utilized individually tagged channel catfish placed within the entrance (between the two throats) and cod (within the second throat) compartments of a single hoop net for overnight sets. From this experiment, the mean rate (SE) of channel catfish escaping was 4.2% (±1.5) from the cod (cod throat was additionally restricted from the traditionally manufactured product), and 74% (±4.2) from the entrance compartments. In a subsequent experiment, channel catfish were placed only in the cod compartment with different throat configurations (restricted or unrestricted) and at two densities (low [6 fish per net] and high [60 fish per net]) for overnight sets to determine the influence of fish density and throat configuration on escapement rates. Escapement rates between throat configurations were doubled at low fish density (13.3 ± 5.4% restricted versus 26.7 ± 5.6% unrestricted) and tripled at high fish density (14.3 ± 4.9% restricted versus 51.9 ± 5.0% unrestricted). These results suggest that retention efficiency is high from cod compartments with restricted throat entrances. However, managers and researchers need to be aware that modification to the cod throats (restrictions) is needed for hoop nets ordered from manufacturers. Managers need to be consistent in their use and reporting of cod end throat configurations when using this gear.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Total Processing Time ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Accuracy And Precision

<em>Abstract</em>.—Otoliths and pectoral spines are common calcified structures used to age channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>. Several studies have assessed accuracy and precision of these structures; however, results have been conflicting. Additionally, information on processing times required to prepare and assign ages to these structures is lacking. Therefore, our objective was to assess bias, precision, and processing time of otoliths and pectoral spines used for age estimation of channel catfish. Otoliths (<EM>N</EM> = 603) and spines (<EM>N</EM> = 3,397) were collected from channel catfish during 2007–2009 to assess bias and precision. A subsample of these structures was used to estimate and compare processing times. Otoliths displayed greater precision and less reader bias compared to pectoral spines. Age-specific bias was observed for pectoral spines in relation to otoliths, with pectoral spines greatly underestimating ages for age-11 and older channel catfish. Total processing time was greater for otoliths (12.26 min ± 1.09 [SE]) compared to pectoral spines (11.01 min ± 0.07 [SE]). These results provide managers with information to make decisions on which structure to use for age estimation of channel catfish given a known bias and precision desired for statistical analyses and amount of time allotted for the aging process.

scholarly journals 468 Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide (Dormex) and Ethephon (Ethrel) on Fruiting of `Surecrop' Peaches

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 525C-525
Author(s):  
Arlie A. Powell ◽  
James Pitts ◽  
Bobby Boozer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Whole Tree

Early flowering of peach in the southeastern United States can result in annual crop loss as a result of late winter-early spring freezes. In peach and other prunus, a fall application of ethephon delays flowering several days; however, delayed harvest and smaller fruit size of certain varieties may occur. Hydrogen cyanamide replaces the late stage of chilling in peach but can also advance bloom and harvest date while maintaing or enhancing fruit size. A randomized complete-block experimental design using 13-year old `Surecrop' trees was used to evaluate whether hydrogen cyanamide could offset the delayed harvest and smaller fruit size disadvantages of using ethephon without advancing bloom dates. Treatment combinations of ethephon (at 20%, 50%, and 90% of required chilling) and hydrogen cyanamide (at 90% to 100% of required chilling) were applied as whole-tree foliar sprays to near point of drip. Although not significant, there were trends toward hydrogen cyanamide overcoming both smaller fruit size and delayed harvest induced by ethephon. This agrees with an earlier study using `Redhaven'. Dormex negated the late flowering effects of ethephon applied at 20% chilling but did not cause flowering earlier than the control.

scholarly journals BROILER LITTER: POTENTIAL SOIL AMENDMENT FOR BEDDING PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 851c-851
Author(s):  
Charles Gilliam ◽  
James Donald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Unpleasant Odor

Broiler litter is an abundant natural resource in the Southeastern United States. In Alabama, an estimated 1.4 tons are produced annually. In Expt. 1, two broiler litter treatments were compared at 3 rates. Sixty days after planting, growth of 4 bedding plants (Ageratum, begonia, dianthus, and marigold) was greater with both litter treatments at 20 ton/acre rate compared to the standard fertilizer recommendation of 120 1bN/A (applied as 12N-2.6P-4.9K) Composting reduced the unpleasant odor associated with traditional deepstack handling of broiler litter. In Expt. 2, selected ratios of broiler litter, pinebark, and cotton waste were mixed and composted. Maximum plant response occurred with a combination of composted media plus commercial fertilizer.

Natural resource professionals’ engagement with landowners on silvopasture in the Southeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2137-2146
Author(s):  
Emily Stutzman ◽  
Rebecca Jo Barlow ◽  
Wayde Morse ◽  
Dale Monks ◽  
Larry Teeter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Southeastern United States

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Delaware River ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
Delaware River Estuary ◽  
Variable Recruitment ◽  
Native White

<em>Abstract</em>.—In the Delaware River estuary, native white catfish <em>Ameiurus catus</em> have appeared to decline as the introduced channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em> has become more abundant. To determine the current status of these populations and the habitats they use, I surveyed four zones of the Delaware River estuary from April to November 2007. Hoop nets (<EM>N</EM> = 497) were set in main-stem river, lower tributary, and middle tributary habitats. Upper tributary habitats near the head of tide were angled. Our findings indicated that the ratio of channel catfish to white catfish was less than documented in the early 1990s. Channel catfish and white catfish were found throughout the study area, during all seasons. Channel catfish catch per unit effort was significantly greater in the river than in tributary habitats. Relative condition differed seasonally among zones and zone groups. Both species had unstable age structures, indicating variable recruitment. Variable recruitment may account for past differences in ratios of channel catfish to white catfish. Channel catfish in this study lived longer (22 years) when compared to channel catfish collected in other nearby river systems. Few brown bullhead <em>A. nebulosus</em> and no yellow bullhead <em>A. natalis</em> or flathead catfish <em>Pylodictis olivaris </em>were collected.

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