Unraveling the Hidden Diversity of the Native White Claw Crayfish in the Iberian Peninsula

Several European freshwater crayfish species are currently included in one of the IUCN Red list categories. In the Iberian Peninsula, the native Austropotamobius pallipes species complex (the white clawed crayfish, WCC) has experienced a drastic decline since 1973. Implementing conservation management strategies for this species requires a better understanding of the patterns and structure of its genetic diversity. In this study, we assessed the levels and patterns of genetic variation in 71 populations along the whole distributional range of the WCC in the Iberian Peninsula. The two mitochondrial markers analyzed (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes) indicated high levels of genetic diversity, which are significantly geographically structured in three main genetic groups, two corresponding to Northern and one to Central-Eastern and the westernmost Iberian Peninsula. The diversity found included new private haplotypes, and revealed the potential effect of paleogeographic barriers and last glaciations in the population structure observed. Current conservation and management programs for the WCC in the Iberian Peninsula should consider these three phylogeographic groups as essential management units in order to preserve the remaining genetic diversity in the species.

Gertrude Bonnin on Sexual Morality

This paper examines attitudes to sexual morality held by the Yankton Dakota author and activist Gertrude Bonnin (1876–1938), better known by her penname Zitkála-Šá (Red Bird in Lakota). Bonnin’s concerns encompass several themes: the victimization of Indian women, disintegration of Native courtship rituals, sexual threats posed by peyote use, and the predatory nature of Euro-American men. This critique as a whole — in which a ‘white invasion,’ in her words, leads to a corruption of Native sexuality — sometimes produces inconsistencies, particularly regarding Bonnin’s statements on the alleged sexual perils of peyote. Her investigations into the Oklahoma guardianship scandals of the 1920s, however, strongly buttress recent research by Sarah Deer (2015), whose study, The Beginning and End of Rape: Confronting Sexual Violence in Native America, highlights the tragic aspects of Native-white sexual relations under United States settler-colonialism.

Reading the Subaltern Other: A Postcolonial Critique of Kureishi’s The Black Album

This paper aims at a postcolonial study of Kureishi's novel, The Black Album (1995). In particular, the study explores how significantly the postcolonial concepts of racism, identity crisis, double consciousness, and unhomeliness inform and influence the narrative and the characterization of the novel. The study is oriented around the research question of how the characters belonging to the Pakistani diaspora in England are turned into subalterns others of the native white inhabitants, and how this, in turn, makes them vulnerable targets of racist violence. Besides, the psychological repercussions of this racist violence on the lives and minds of the characters are investigated. Moreover, the representation of different communities and their concerns are looked into to view how their mutual tensions lead to the conflict that can be broadly categorized as a clash between two conflicting ideologies, that is, Muslim fundamentalism and British liberalism. The qualitative, descriptive methodology has been employed in this paper which relies mainly on close-textual analysis and interpretation. The research is significant as the study of racism and the othering of Muslims is highly relevant in the context of the ongoing debate on Islamophobia in the West and how adversely it affects the Muslim lives there. It is also relatable to the racist violence the black community is facing in contemporary American society.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE ISLAMOPHOBIC ACTS IN FRANCE POST-ARAB SPRING

The discourse of Islamophobia in Europe has become increasingly popular after the endless war in the Middle East. The instability that hit the Middle East after Arab Spring and the civil war in Syria has forced some of its population to migrate to European countries, including France. The large number of immigrants who have entered France has also been accompanied by rampant acts of attacks and terrorism, thereby revives the feelings of Islamophobia among the native white French. Meanwhile, Front National as an ultranationalist party known for its racist anti-immigrant policies has gained more influences in France by using Islamophobic narratives. In its political campaign, Front National uses the concepts of Laicite to corner French Muslim in the public sphere. The presence of French Muslim community is considered as a threat toward secular values and Christian civilization. In this study, the author will analyze the increase of Islamophobia which has been triggered by the immigrant crisis and the influence of the right-wing movement. The concept of race by W. Thomas Schmid will serve as a theoretical framework to answer the increasing Islamophobia in France. To conduct the research, the author uses the qualitative method to analyze texts and narratives related to the Islamophobia acts in France. This research concluded with a statement that Islamophobia in France post-Arab Spring generally occurs in three aspect: cognitive, motivational and behavioral aspects. A tendency of certain groups in the French society which looks Islam as a racial problem becomes one of the main roots of the rise of Islamophobia in France. Wacana Islamofobia di Eropa berkembang pesat, didorong oleh intensitas konflik di Timur Tengah yang tidak berkesudahan. Instabilitas yang melanda kawasan Timur Tengah pasca Arab Spring dan perang saudara di Suriah mendorong sebagian besar penduduknya untuk melakukan imigrasi ke berbagai wilayah di Eropa, termasuk Perancis. Hal ini membangkitkan kembali perasaan Islamofobia di beberapa kalangan penduduk Perancis yang berkulit putih. Dalam kondisi ini, Front National sebagai partai ultra-nasionalis menjadikan narasi-narasi Islamofobia untuk merebut pengaruh dalam politik Perancis. Front National juga menggunakan konsep Laicite untuk menyudutkan masyarakat Muslim di ranah publik. Kehadiran kelompok Muslim di tengah-tengah penduduk Perancis dianggap dapat mengancam nilai-nilai sekuler dan peradaban Kristen. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan menganalisis mengapa terjadi peningkatan Islamofobia yang dipicu akibat krisis imigran serta pengaruh gerakan sayap kanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep Ras yang dikembangkan oleh W. Thomas Schmid. Dalam melakukan riset, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengkaji teks serta naskah-naskah yang terkait dengan tindakan Islamofobia di Perancis. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Islamofobia di Perancis setelah Arab Spring terjadi dalam 3 aspek, yakni aspek kognitif, motivasional, dan behavioral. Adanya kecenderungan sebagian masyarakat Perancis memandang Islam sebagai masalah rasial menjadi akar penting yang menyebabkan berkembangnya Islamofobia di Perancis.

Technological assessment of native white grape varieties in the system "grapes-base wine"

В статье представлены результаты исследований физико-химических и органолептических показателей крымских и донских аборигенных белых сортов винограда в системе «виноград-виноматериал» из Ампелографической коллекции института «Магарач» (с. Вилино Бахчисарайского района). Установлено, что технологический запас суммы фенольных веществ в изученных сортах винограда находился в достаточно широком диапазоне - от 1020 (Махроватчик) до 2526 (Ташлы) мг/дм. Меньше всего фенольных веществ (329 мг/дм) содержалось в виноматериале, выработанном из сорта Сары пандас. Активность окислительных ферментов (пероксидазы и монофенол-монооксигеназы) во всех сортах была низкой или отсутствовала. Виноматериалы из сортов Сары пандас, Кок пандас и Шампанчик бессергеневский не склонны к окислительному покоричневению. Определены сорта, из которых получаются виноматериалы с хорошими пенистыми свойствами (V более 800 см): Капсельский, Кокур белый, Кокур белый 46-10-3. Соотношение массовых концентраций винной и яблочной кислот было оптимальным (более 1) во всех исследуемых сортах. Наибольшим содержанием винной кислоты в виноматериалах характеризовались сорта: Сары пандас, Ташлы и Махроватчик. Высокими дегустационными оценками отмечены сорта: Ташлы и Капсельский. В результате технологической оценки крымских и донских аборигенных сортов винограда, произрастающих в Ампелографической коллекции института «Магарач», можно заключить, что для производства игристых вин перспективными являются виноматериалы из аборигенных сортов винограда: Кокур белый, Кокур белый 46-10-3, Капсельский, Сары пандас. The article presents the results of studies of physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters of native white grape varieties of Crimea and Don in the system "grapes-base wine" from the Ampelographic collection of the Institute Magarach (village Vilino, Bakhchisaray district). It was established that the technological reserve of the total amount of phenolic substances in the studied grape varieties was in a fairly wide range - from 1020 (‘Makhrovattchik’) to 2526 (‘Tashly’) mg/dm. The least amount of phenolic substances (329 mg/dm) was found in the base wine produced from ‘Sary Pandas’ variety. The activity of oxidative enzymes (peroxidase and monophenol monooxygenase) in all varieties was low or absent at all. Base wines from ‘Sary Pandas’, ‘Kok Pandas’ and ‘Champagntchik Besserguenevsky’ varieties are not liable to oxidative browning. Good foaming capacity (V more than 800 cm) was achieved in base wines made of ‘Kapselskii’, ‘Kokur Belyi’, ‘Kokur Belyi 46-10-3’ grape varieties. The ratio of mass concentrations of tartaric and malic acids was optimal (more than 1) in all studied varieties. The highest content of tartaric acid in base wines was typical for the following varieties: ‘Sary Pandas’, ‘Tashly’ and ‘Makhrovattchik’. Tasting assessment of grape varieties ‘Tashly’ and ‘Kapselskii’ was high. As a result of technological evaluation of native grape varieties of Crimea and Don growing in the Ampelographic collection of the Institute Magarach, it can be concluded that the most promising base wines for production of sparklings are those prepared from native grape varieties ‘Kokur Belyi’, ‘Kokur Belyi 46-10-3’, ‘Kapselskii’, ‘Sary Pandas’.

Populism and the psychopolitics of morality

Jung’s theory of complexes sheds light on populists’ identity as the “virtuous people” who are opposed to the “corrupt elites”. Their complexes underlie three well-known populist attitudes. First is their antipluralism, their sense of moral superiority toward immigrants and minorities. Second, in reaction to the failures of neoliberalism, they experience moralistic relative deprivation regarding the “undeserving” underclasses that benefit from government hand-outs. And third, as native white Christians, their moral indignation stems from comparisons with ethnic workers in the same occupations earning the same pay. This psychopolitical analysis explains much of the populists’ anger, frustration, and resentment.

“For Interment of White People Only”: Cemetery Superintendents’ Authority and the Wealthy White Protestant Lawn-Park Cemetery, 1886–1920

This chapter explores how white Protestant cemetery superintendents developed cultural and physical boundaries in and around their cemeteries to keep immigrants, people of color, and the poor–dead or alive–outside the walls of lawn-park cemeteries. Cemetery superintendents separated native white Protestants from those they perceived as their social inferiors through pricing, locations, and social pressure. Superintendents did this with the intention of demonstrating authority to those who were welcome in the cemetery and those who were not, including undertakers and monument makers. This authority over the lawn-park cemeteries made it possible for cemetery superintendents to position themselves as arbiters of taste. This status meant that superintendents were able to shape how their clientele decorated the lots and appreciated these cemeteries. Ultimately, cemetery superintendents became gatekeepers who enforced economical and racial hierarchies with the blessings of the native-born white Protestants interred in their cemeteries.

Racial wage differentials in developed countries

In many developed countries, racial and ethnic minorities are paid, on average, less than the native white majority. While racial wage differentials are partly the result of immigration, they also persist for racial minorities of second and further generations. Eliminating racial wage differentials and promoting equal opportunities among citizens with different racial backgrounds is an important social policy goal. Inequalities resulting from differences in opportunities lead to a waste of talent for those who cannot reach their potential and to a waste of resources if some people cannot contribute fully to society.

Promising Leuce poplar clones in sandy ridges between the rivers Danube and Tisza in Hungary: a case study

An intensive integrated research and development work has been carried out on the improvement of Leuce poplars including primarily the native white poplar (Populus alba L.) and its natural hybrid grey poplar (Populus × canescens). More than 70 percent of the Leuce poplar stands can be found on calcareous sandy sites in the Danube–Tisza region, so they play a significant role in the poplar management of this part of the country. The most important task ahead of Hungarian poplar growers is to improve the quality of poplar stands and plantations based on selecting new clones and cultivars. The growth and yield of four promising Leuce poplar clones was evaluated on a marginal site in central Hungary. The clones ‘H 425-4’ (Populus alba L. × Populus alba L.), and ‘H 758’ (Populus alba L. Mosonmagyaróvár 124) seem to be suitable for wood production, while the ‘H 427-3’ (Populus alba L. × Populus alba L. cv. Bolleana) and ‘H 422-9’ (Populus alba L. × Populus grandidentata (Michx)) clones (with decorative stem form) could be better used for tree lines and ornamental plantations.