Combined higher frequency fish consumption and healthy lifestyle may lower the triglyceride/HDL-C ratio in middle-aged Japanese males: Anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption

Background: Fish consumption may be associated with a low risk of coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate whether higher fish consumption results in improved lifestyle behaviors and thus lower triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio––a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods and results: This cross-sectional study included 2947 middle-aged Japanese males with no history of ASCVD or lipid-modifying therapy, who presented at the Health Planning Center of Nihon university hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. We performed an analysis of variance using fish consumption as a categorical variable (0-2 days, 3-4 days, or 5-7 days per week). The serum TG/HDL-C ratio in the 5-7 days fish consumption group was significantly lower than those in the 0-2- and 3-4-days fish consumption groups (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Multiple regression stepwise analysis revealed that weekly fish consumption negatively and independently determined the TG/HDL-C ratio (β = -0.061, p = 0.001). As fish consumption increased, the proportion of subjects with smoking habits decreased (p = 0.014), those engaging in aerobic exercises and aggressive daily physical activity increased (p < 0.0001 for both), and those with alcohol habit increased (p < 0.0001). In addition, we developed the risk stratification for ASCVD by combining the serum HDL-C level and the serum TG/HDL-C ratio with fish intake. Conclusion: Increased frequency of fish consumption and improved lifestyle behaviors due to daily fish intake may work additively to lower the serum TG/HDL-C ratio. These associations may explain why high fish consumption is associated with a lower risk of ASCVD. Our findings may help physicians and nutritionists in treating patients with heart diseases and metabolic conditions by recommending a high fish diet in middle-aged Japanese males.

Masculinizing Effects of Chrysin-Loaded Poloxamer Micelles on Siamese Fighting Fish

Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) are freshwater fish that are commonly found in Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. In the present study, chrysin-loaded polymeric micelles (CPs) were developed and investigated for the masculinizing effects, survival rate, growth indices, and toxicity on Siamese fighting fish. CPs were prepared using a poloxamer. The micelle system of CPs that were formed at a chrysin-to-polymer ratio of 1:2 was found to be the most suitable monodispersed system and exhibited a nanosized diameter (74.2 ± 1.6 nm) with a narrow size distribution (0.288 ± 0.012). In vivo studies were performed using Siamese fighting fish larvae as animal models. In the in vivo toxicity study, the fish larvae were immersed in aqueous systems containing CPs that had five different chrysin concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 ng/mL for 24, 48, and 72 h. Blank polymeric micelles and water were used as controls. The in vivo masculinization effect of CPs with different chrysin concentrations on the fish larvae was evaluated after 5 weeks of exposure. The results demonstrated that CPs with a chrysin concentration of 1000 ng/mL showed a masculinization effect of 94.59 ± 2.76% with a high fish larvae survival rate of 72.45 ± 5.09% and low toxicity. It was concluded that the developed CPs had a significant effect on the sex reversal of Siamese fighting fish larvae with a high survival rate.

Analysis of the relationship between chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature on marine capture fisheries production in Indonesia: 2018

Fishery production in Indonesia is still relatively high, dominated by the marine capture fisheries. Oceanographic dynamics can affect the high and low levels of marine fishery production. Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a are oceanographic parameters that are often used as indicators for determining fishing areas, especially pelagic fish which are associated with ocean fertility. This study aims to identify the effect of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST) on the production of fish catches in Indonesia: 2018. Data on marine capture fisheries production (skipjack, mackerel tuna, tuna and shrimp) in 2018 were obtained from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP). Data of Chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST) are satellite observations from Marine Copernicus. The relationship between chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST) with marine capture fisheries production was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed that chlorophyll-a significantly affected the yield of skipjack and tuna in Indonesia with coefficients of -5.7066 and -4.3760, respectively. A higher concentration of chlorophyll-a had the possibility to produce high fish production of 0.0033 times than an area with a lower concentration of chlorophyll-a.

Liver Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Revealed a Regulated Expression Pattern of Genes in Adult Female Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus)

Despite the significance of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) in fish oil in promoting the maturation of female broodstocks, the detailed mechanism of the effect on the expression of hepatic reproduction-related genes is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the effect of the higher dietary n-3 LC-PUFA level on gene expression in the liver of adult females spotted scat. Two-year-old female spotted scat (average weight, 242.83 ± 50.90 g) were fed with diets containing 8% fish oil (FO) or 8% soybean oil (SO) for 40 days. The fatty acid profile in the serum, liver, and ovary was analyzed, and high proportions of n-3 LC-PUFA were observed in the FO group. The final average fish body weight and gonadosomatic index were similar between the FO and SO groups. The serum vitellogenin (Vtg) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the FO group were significantly higher and lower than that of the SO group, respectively. Comparatively, the liver transcriptome analysis showed 497 upregulated and 267 downregulated genes in the FO group. Among them, the expression levels of three estrogen-regulated genes (i.e., Vtga, Vtgb, and Zp4) were significantly higher in the FO than in the SO group. This expression pattern could be related to the upregulation of Hsd17b7 (the key gene for the synthesis of liver steroid hormone) and the downregulation of the Hsp90 (the estrogen receptor chaperone). The expression levels of Foxo1a and Lep, which are involved in the lipid metabolism, decreased significantly in the FO group, which may be related to the lower level of HSI in the FO group. The genes related to liver LC-PUFA absorption and transport, Fabp2 and Mfsd2ab, were significantly upregulated in the FO group, indicating that fish actively adapt to high-fish-oil diets. In brief, high-fish-oil diets can influence the expression of genes related to liver n-3 LC-PUFA metabolism and reproduction, inhibit the accumulation of liver fat, and promote the liver health and gonad development. This study will contribute to clarifying the mechanism of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA on promoting reproductive development in teleost fish.

Sturgeon breeding as the basis for forming a food base in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

The article provides an analysis of sturgeon breeding, as well as materials for assessing the reproductive indicators of the Siberian sturgeon breeding stock in the conditions of the Arctic zone. The experience gained as a result of the multi-year research allows us to consider sturgeons, in particular the Siberian sturgeon, to have great potential for use in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The cultivation of this species in the Northern regions may have great prospects for the formation of a food base, since it has high fish-biological, physiological and reproductive indicators when using various aquaculture technologies. The best productive indicators were obtained when sturgeon was reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), however, the experience of using the cage method showed a good physiological state of the fish. All the studied methods can be applied for the development of aquaculture in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The cage method can be recommended for reproduction purposes, while using RAS can be recommended for fish rearing for sale.

Characterization of culturable bacterial communities associated with cage cultured fish under different stocking densities in Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of fish stocking density on the prevalence of pathogens isolated from sixty clinically healthy fishes reared under different densities in floating net-cages in Setiu lagoon, Terengganu state, Malaysia. The water temperature, pH, DO, TDS, salinity, water clarity, depth, and coliform concentration, were all determined within the fish cages. The healthy fish samples were randomly collected from 3 sites in cages with low and high stocking densities at each site. The bacteria were isolated from the skin, gills, kidneys, and liver of each fish sample, followed by identification to species level using the VITEK-2 system.The pathogens with beta-hemolysis characteristics were selected for antibiotic susceptibility against the following drugs: AM-10 μg, P-10 U, CL-30 μg, TC-30 μg, CP-5 μg, GM-10 μg, KM-30μg, and SM-10 μg. Water quality parameters showed no differences between the cages of low and high fish densities except for site C. The total number of isolates, microbial species, and the number of pathogens isolated from fish revealed no significant difference between the fish stocked in low and high densities. A total of 25 bacterial species were isolated, which included 14 gram-positive and 11 gram-negative. The (SM) drug application is suspected on this farm. The highest number of isolates was Staphylococcus warneri (15.90%), and Staphylococcus sciuri (14.77%). Most tested pathogens exhibited susceptibility to the selected drugs, but variation in the antibiotic sensitivity was observed between the isolates from low and high fish densities. The most potent drug was (CP), while (SM) application was suspected on this farm.

ELEMENTS OF CIRCULAR TECHNOLOGIES IN AQUACULTURE

The elements of circular technologies in aquaculture on various types of energy are considered. The development of forms of aquaculture from pasture to industrial with an increase in the share of circular technologies is shown. It is noted that the use of cage fish farming on the waste warm waters of energy facilities is complicated by eutrophication at high fish planting densities and the peculiarities of temperature and hydrochemical regimes. The need to select new aquaculture objects with a fast growth rate, thermophilic and not demanding to the oxygen content in the water is noted: the African clarias catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a promising object for growing in warm waters. The possibilities of including other representatives of catfish - shilbovye catfish (Pangasius) - are considered. It is shown that due to the expansion of biotechnologies for growing valuable objects in installations with a closed water supply cycle, thermophilic hydrobionts, for example, the Australian red-clawed crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, can be used as elite delicatessen products. It is shown that the complex hydrobiocenosis of fouling is formed by a set of consults of different orders. A fish-breeding system with elements of circular technologies becomes similar in structure to a natural ecosystem. The results of experimental cultivation of spicy vegetable crops on the waste products of carp and clary catfish are presented. Aquaculture and aquaponics as specific components of the modern agricultural sector in development are focused on industrial production technologies with the use of circular technologies for the efficient use of resources.

INTEGRASI BUDIDAYA IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus) DAN TANAMAN AIR PADA PEMELIHARAAN SISTEM AKUAPONIK

The purpose of this study is to find out whether the integration of catfish cultivation (P. hypophthalmus) and aquatic plants in the maintenance of aquaponic systems in order to produce high fish survival. The research was conducted using a Complete RandomIzed Design (RAL) environmental design with 4 (four) treatments and 3 (three) replays, each of these treatments is :P A behavior: 10 plant stems / holes and 2 fish / liter, Treatment B : 10 plant stems / holes and 3 fish / liters, Treatment C : 10 plant stems / holes and 4 fish / liter, Treatment D : 10 plant stems / holes and 5 fish / liter. The observed parameters are survival, growth and measurement of water quality. The results showed that the survival rate of catfish was 85.18%, 2.38 cm for length gain and weight gain of 2.80 g

A High-Fish Oil Diet Can Significantly Reshape The Gut Microbiota In Mice

Background: Gut microbiota plays an essential role for human health and recent evidence has revealed the beneficial effects of fish oil supplements on the gut microbiota. The present study was to investigate the influence of fish oil on diet-based gut microbiota changes and colitis in mice and whether pyroptosis plays a role in this process.Results: A high-fish oil diet alleviated colitis, resulted in less weight loss and improved pathological scores. Caspase-1, activated in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) group, was suppressed by a high-fish oil diet. AIN-93M significantly decreased the gut microbial diversity of mice, increasing the abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreasing the abundance of Odoribacter. In contrast, gut microbial diversity was maintained in mice fed a high-fish oil diet; the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio was increased, the abundance of Parabacteroides was increased, and that the abundance of Odoribacter was decreased.Conclusion: AIN-93M can decrease gut microbiota diversity, which may be associated with a potential proinflammatory effect. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory effects. It can also restore and maintain microbial diversity and suppress pyroptosis activation.