WISC-III profiles of borderline intelligence adults

In 209 families with schizophrenic children, 18 families with more than one abnormal child were found. Among the parents of this group there was a high incidence of marital discord, schizoid personalities and different forms of schizophrenia. Among the siblings mental defect, speech delay, and schizophrenia were found. Because of the high incidence of the children in this group functioning on a mentally defective level, special attention was paid to the problem of the intellectual function of all family members. Twenty-four (40%) of the 60 children in these 18 families studied presented a picture of intellectual defects along with schizophrenic process. In three (5%) mental defect was found without typical symptoms of childhood schizophrenia. None of the parents were found to be mentally defective and only one was found to be of borderline intelligence. Twenty (55%) parents were of normal intelligence and 15 (42%) were bright normal to superior, while the corresponding figures for the children were 22 (36.6%) and six (10%). There were only four children whose intellectual function improved while there were 16 who deteriorated considerably. There was an unexplained finding of an unusually high number of twins among the 18 families. We found five pairs of twins. Two pairs were monozygotic, concordant for schizophrenia. Two pairs were dizygotic, discordant for schizophrenia. One of the fifth pair died early; the second was mentally defective.

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Long-term cognitive, executive, and behavioral outcomes of moderate and late preterm at school age

Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics ◽

10.3345/kjp.2019.00647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ju Hyun Jin ◽

Shin Won Yoon ◽

Jungeun Song ◽

Seong Woo Kim ◽

Hee Jung Chung

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Late Preterm ◽

School Age ◽

Late Preterm Infants ◽

The Mean ◽

Borderline Intelligence

Background: There is increasing concern that moderate preterm (32–33 weeks’ gestation) and late preterm (34–36 weeks’ gestation) birth may be associated with minor neurodevelopmental problems affecting poor school performance.Purpose: We explored the cognitive function, cognitive visual function, executive function, and behavioral problems at schoolage in moderate to late preterm infants.Methods: Children aged 7–10 years who were born at 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from August 2006 to July 2011 at the National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital were included. We excluded children with severe neurologic impairments, congenital malformations, or chromosomal abnormalities. Neuropsychological assessments consisted of 5 neuropsychological tests and 3 questionnaires.Results: A total of 37 children (mean age, 9.1±1.2 years) participated. The mean gestational age at birth was 34.6±7.5 weeks, while the mean birth weight was 2,229.2±472.8 g. The mean full-scale intelligence quotient was 92.89±11.90; 24.3% scored between 70 and 85 (borderline intelligence functioning). An abnormal score was noted for at least one of the variables on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic system for 65% of the children. Scores below borderline function for executive quotient and memory quotient were 32.4% and 24.3%, respectively. Borderline or clinically relevant internalizing problems were noted in 13.5% on the Child Behavior Check List. There were no significant associations between perinatal factors or socioeconomic status and cognitive, visual perception, executive function, or behavior outcomes.Conclusion: Moderate to late preterm infants are at risk of developing borderline intelligence functioning and attention problems at early school age. Cognitive and executive functions that are important for academic performance must be carefully monitored and continuously followed up in moderate to late preterm infants.

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