Prevalence of Dental Caries and Fissure Sealants in the First Permanent Molars among Male Children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of caries and fissure sealants on the first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6–9-year-old girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The FPMs of 17,891 school girls from 120 randomly selected public primary schools were evaluated by visual and tactile examination for the carious status and the presence of fissure sealants. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data at level of 5%. Results: A total of 58,140 FPMs were assessed in the 17,891 children. Nearly 64.6% of the children were caries free. Only 1.3% of the children had at least one fissure sealant applied. At tooth level, the decayed FPMs counted for 24.6%. There was obvious underutilization of fissure sealants on the FPMs; 0.8% (n = 478). The caries prevalence in the mandibular FPMs (33%) was significantly higher than in the maxillary FPMs, 18.2% (P < 0.01). The proportion of carious FPMs increased with age of the children significantly (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the proportion of the presence of fissure sealants among the three different grade/age groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Caries prevalence in the FPMs was high and serious among this cohort of young students. This was contrasting the very low prevalence of fissure sealants.

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PERBEDAAN TOPICAL FLUORIDE APPLICATION DAN FISSURE SEALANT DALAM MENCEGAH KARIES PADAGIGI MOLAR SATU

Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan ◽

10.30602/jvk.v3i2.112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Pawarti Pawarti ◽

Fathiah Fathiah

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Topical Application ◽

P Value ◽

Fissure Sealants ◽

Fissure Sealant ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Topical Fluoride ◽

Pits And Fissures ◽

First Permanent Molars

Abstract: Topical Fluoride Application And Fissure Sealant To Prevent Dental Caries Permanent First Molars. Anatomy pits and fissures of teeth are caries initiation vulnerable areas of the permanent molars that grow at the age of 6 years where children can not perform oral hygiene. Caries prevention can be done by closing the pits and fissures or application of fluoride (topical fluoride application) on the surface of the teeth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference fissure sealants and topical application of fluoride to prevent dental caries of first permanent molars. This study was a quasi-experimental study with time series, a sample was taken by purposive 117-second grade students of SDN District of North Pontianak. Data were analyzed using t-test. The result showed that fissure sealant more effective in caries prevention of first permanent molar than topical fluoride application where there were none caries teeth after and month fissure sealant, 25% sealant partially off and 11% fully off. Teeth that have done fluoride after 6 months of 3.9% of dental caries, the eighth month of 5.4% of dental caries. There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of fissure sealants with topical application of fluoride to prevent dental caries in first permanent molars p-value < 0.05, after 6-month p-value: 0.004 and after 8-month p-value: 0.001.Abstrak: Topical Fluoride Application Dan Fissure Sealant Untuk Mencegah Karies Pada Gigi Molar Satu Permanen. Anatomi pit dan fisura gigi merupakan daerah rentan inisiasi karies gigi molar satu permanen yang tumbuh pada usia 6 tahun anak belum bisa melakukan kebersihan mulutnya. Pencegahan karies dapat dilakukan dengan cara menutup pit dan fissure atau pengolesan fluor (topical fluoride application) pada permukaan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan efektivitas fissure sealant dan topical fluoride application untuk mencegah karies gigi molar satu permanen anak usia 6 sampai 7 tahun .Penelitian ini merupakan experimental semu dengan studi time series , evaluasi perlakuan dilakukan setelah 3 bulan, 3 bulan dan 8 bulan, Sampel diambil secara purposive yaitu 117 siswa kelas 2 SDN Kecamatan Pontianak Utara. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan fissure sealant lebih efektive mencegah karies pada molar satu permanen dibanding topical fluoride application pada tindakan fissure sealant setelah 8 bulan tidak ada gigi karies, 25 % sealant lepas sebagian dan 11% lepas seluruhnya. Gigi yang dilakukan pengolesan fluor setelah 6 bulan 3,9% gigi karies, bulan ke delapan 5,4% gigi karies, Ada perbedaan efektivitas yang signifikan antara fissure sealant dengan topical flouride application dalam mencegah karies gigi molar satu permanen dengan nilai p <0,05, yaitu pada bulan ke 6 (enam) nilai p : 0,004 dan pada bulan ke 8 (delapan) nilai p : 0,001.

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Fluoride Varnishes for Preventing Occlusal Dental Caries: A Review

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9060064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Alaa Baik ◽

Najlaa Alamoudi ◽

Azza El-Housseiny ◽

Amani Altuwirqi

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Caries Prevention ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

Fissure Sealants ◽

Occlusal Caries ◽

Vast Number ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

First Permanent Molars

Dental caries are most likely to occur on occlusal surfaces from the early eruptive stages of the tooth. In children, about 80% to 90% of dental caries are occlusal caries. Different preventive modalities are used to prevent occlusal caries. One of the methods used for occlusal caries prevention is fluoride varnish. A vast number of clinical trials have evaluated several types of sealant material and fluoride varnish to assess their ability to prevent occlusal caries in both primary and permanent dentition. The purpose of the current study was to provide an updated overview of the development, composition, mechanism of action, application, and safety of fluoride varnish, as well as its effect on occlusal caries prevention. This review of recently published studies on fluoride varnish and its effect on occlusal caries prevention shows that in children at moderate to high risk of caries, fluoride varnishes prevent occlusal caries. Both resin-based fissure sealants and fluoride varnish are effective for occlusal caries prevention for first-permanent molars. However, it was not possible to identify which one has the best effect. It is recommend that fluoride varnish is applied for children at high risk of caries two to four times per year.

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Dental caries and their treatment in first permanent molars

ORL ro ◽

10.26416/orl.37.4.2017.1303 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (37) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Irina-Maria Gheorghiu ◽

Loredana Mitran ◽

Alexandru A Iliescu ◽

Sânziana Scărlătescu ◽

Paula Perlea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

First Permanent Molars

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Sealant Utilization and its Influence on Caries Reduction in First Permanent Molars in Saudi Female School Children

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602115010583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 583-590

Author(s):

Fatimah Albaeejan ◽

Doaa Bakhashwain ◽

Alanoud Alsubaie ◽

Azza Tageldin ◽

Muhammad Nazir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Family Income ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

First Grade ◽

World Health ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Fissure Sealants ◽

Monthly Family Income ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

First Permanent Molars

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the utilization of fissure sealants and their influence on caries reduction in first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6-9 years old female schoolchildren in Dammam, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: First to fourth grade female children from public schools in Dammam participated in this cross-sectional study. Dental caries and fissure sealants in FPMs were examined clinically using the World Health Organization guidelines. In addition, the parents of the participants responded to a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The study analyzed the data of 449 children. Almost 44.3% of the participants had at least one FPM affected with caries. There were 8.7% of the participants who had fissure sealants in at least one FPM, and out of these, only 2.2% had four FPMs filled with sealants. A significantly greater proportion of participants with sealed FPMs had no caries than the lower proportion of participants without sealants who had caries (P=<0.05). The use of sealants increased significantly from first grade (10.3%) to second grade (30.8%), third grade (38.5%), and fourth grade (20.5%) (P=0.006). High monthly family income (P= 0.047) and having insurance (P=0.017) were significantly associated with increased sealant application. Nearly 21.9% of participants’ parents were aware of caries protective effects of dental sealants. Conclusion: The application of sealants was significantly associated with reduced caries in FPMs. Class year, monthly family income, and insurance were significantly associated with having sealants. Caries prevention programs for children should incorporate sealant application.

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Dental caries prevalence among Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) 6- to 12-year-old children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia compared to non-diabetic children

The Saudi Dental Journal ◽

10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.03.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abid Hamoud Al-Badr ◽

Albandary Hassan AlJameel ◽

Hassan Suliman Halawany ◽

Yousra Hussein Al-Jazairy ◽

Mohamad Khalid Alhadlaq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Diabetic Children

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Dental caries is concentrated in the first permanent molars

BDJ ◽

10.1038/sj.bdj.4809639 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 184 (8) ◽

pp. 387-387

Author(s):

D W Sarll

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

First Permanent Molars

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Estimation of Caries Treatment Needs in First Permanent Molars of Lithuanian 5–6-Year-Old Children, Based on Caries Lesion Activity Assessment

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56030105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Vita Mačiulskienė ◽

Jaunė Razmienė ◽

Vilija Andruškevičienė ◽

Eglė Bendoraitienė

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Caries Lesion ◽

Activity Assessment ◽

Caries Treatment ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

First Permanent Molars

Background and Objectives: Early detection of dental caries lesions at active stages of development can facilitate their monitoring and reduce needs for restorative dental care. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and caries treatment needs in first permanent molars of pre-school children, based on a caries lesion activity assessment, and in relation to participants’ ages, dental plaque levels and toothbrushing habits. Materials and Methods: Large cross-sectional dental caries survey using multistage cluster sampling was conducted among Lithuanian 4–6-year-old children attending kindergartens. For the present study purpose, all individuals presenting erupted permanent molars were selected. Thus, only 5–6-year-olds (n = 453) took part in this study. They were examined for caries by one calibrated examiner using Nyvad clinical diagnostic criteria that differentiate between active and inactive caries lesions. Dental plaque was assessed by the Silness-Löe index, and parents’ reports about toothbrushing frequency were collected. Results: Overall, 41% of permanent molars were affected by caries; 6-year-olds had more caries lesions than 5-year-olds (p < 0.05). Mean number of decayed and filled surfaces (DF-S) of all participants was 1.79 (SD 2.93), half of lesions were noncavitated, more than one-third were cavitated and fillings comprised less than one surface per child. Majority of lesions were active; prevalence of inactive lesions (all noncavitated) was 1% and 6% in 5- and 6-year-olds, respectively. Prevalence of active lesions increased with age; it correlated with plaque levels and with toothbrushing frequency (<0.001). Likelihood to detect active lesions was up to nine times higher in teeth with abundant plaque (odds ratio (OR) 8.73; confidence interval (CI) 5.35–14.25), and up to seven times higher in individuals brushing teeth irregularly (OR 6.88; CI 2.21–21.41). Conclusions: The obtained data indicate high treatment needs in the erupted permanent molars of the Lithuanian pre-school population and imply that caries management should primarily focus on improved biofilm removal, accompanied with regular use of fluoridated toothpaste.

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Fissure Depth and Caries Incidence in First Permanent Molars: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in Schoolchildren

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16193550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (19) ◽

pp. 3550 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonor Sánchez-Pérez ◽

María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho ◽

Nelly Molina-Frechero ◽

Marco Zepeda-Zepeda

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Equation Model ◽

Generalized Estimating Equation ◽

Tooth Morphology ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

First Permanent Molars ◽

Generalized Estimating

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the fissure depth (tooth morphology) of permanent molars and dental caries incidence with a five-year follow-up period. In total, 110 Mexican schoolchildren aged seven years were recruited at baseline, of which 88 children completed the follow-up assessments. The fissure depths of the first permanent lower molars were recorded, and dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled deciduous surfaces (dmfs) and decayed, missing, and filled permanent surfaces (DMFS)] was evaluated annually. A generalized estimating equation model was constructed for evaluating the association between dental caries and fissure depth. The initial and final DMFS scores were 0.02 (±0.2) and 1.55 (±2.49), respectively. The generalized estimating equation model showed that children with deep molar fissures were more likely to develop caries lesions, (Odds Ratio OR = 3.15, p = 0.028) compared to children with shallow fissures. Moreover, dental caries in primary teeth (OR = 1.07, p = 0.005) was associated with the development of carious lesions in the permanent dentition. Fissure depth was a useful predictor of dental caries, according to this five-year follow-up study. The detection of deep occlusal fissures in the lower first permanent molars could contribute to the identification of children at high risk of dental caries. Tooth morphology may be used to identify children at a higher caries risk, particularly in settings with limited resources.

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