scholarly journals Fissure Depth and Caries Incidence in First Permanent Molars: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in Schoolchildren

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho ◽  
Nelly Molina-Frechero ◽  
Marco Zepeda-Zepeda
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Tooth Morphology ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
First Permanent Molars ◽  
Generalized Estimating

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the fissure depth (tooth morphology) of permanent molars and dental caries incidence with a five-year follow-up period. In total, 110 Mexican schoolchildren aged seven years were recruited at baseline, of which 88 children completed the follow-up assessments. The fissure depths of the first permanent lower molars were recorded, and dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled deciduous surfaces (dmfs) and decayed, missing, and filled permanent surfaces (DMFS)] was evaluated annually. A generalized estimating equation model was constructed for evaluating the association between dental caries and fissure depth. The initial and final DMFS scores were 0.02 (±0.2) and 1.55 (±2.49), respectively. The generalized estimating equation model showed that children with deep molar fissures were more likely to develop caries lesions, (Odds Ratio OR = 3.15, p = 0.028) compared to children with shallow fissures. Moreover, dental caries in primary teeth (OR = 1.07, p = 0.005) was associated with the development of carious lesions in the permanent dentition. Fissure depth was a useful predictor of dental caries, according to this five-year follow-up study. The detection of deep occlusal fissures in the lower first permanent molars could contribute to the identification of children at high risk of dental caries. Tooth morphology may be used to identify children at a higher caries risk, particularly in settings with limited resources.

The Impact of Early Childhood Factors on Dental Caries Incidence in First Permanent Molars: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bruno Emmanuelli ◽  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Gabriele Rissotto Menegazzo ◽  
Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Thiago Machado Ardenghi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Community Centers ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Permanent Molars

The development of dental caries in first permanent molars has been extensively investigated. However, studies are inconclusive in determining the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in this group of teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars. This 7-year cohort study was conducted with children (1–5 years of age) who had been assessed initially in a survey performed in 2010. Dental caries was assessed at the baseline through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Contextual and individual variables were collected at baseline and included the presence of cultural community centers in the neighborhood as well as demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and biological characteristics. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the influence of individual and contextual characteristics on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars (relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Of the 639 children examined at baseline, a total of 449 were reassessed after 7 years (70.3% retention rate). Children who lived in neighborhoods with cultural community centers had a lower risk of dental caries in first permanent molars at the follow-up (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.62–0.99). Children from families with a low income (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03–1.76) and poor parental perception of children’s oral health (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18–2.06) were associated with a higher risk of dental caries in first molars. In conclusion, individual and contextual determinants showed an important role in the incidence of caries in first permanent molars.

Persistent environmental reservoirs on farms as risk factors forCampylobacterin commercial poultry

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ELLIS-IVERSEN ◽  
A. RIDLEY ◽  
V. MORRIS ◽  
A. SOWA ◽  
J. HARRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Generalized Estimating

SUMMARYCampylobacteris the most common known source of human bacterial enteritis in the developed world and poultry is considered the main source. Broilers often become colonized withCampylobacterduring rearing, and then contaminate the farm environment. The objective of this study was to identifyCampylobacter-positive environmental reservoirs on farms, as these pose a risk to broiler flocks becoming colonized withCampylobacter. We considered the temporal aspects of exposure and colonization. A longitudinal study monitored six conventional rearing farms over 2 years. The broiler flocks, catchers' equipment, vehicles, shed surrounds, shed entrance, other equipment, farm entrance, other animals, puddles, dead birds, mains water and drinkers were systematically sampled 2–4 times per flock. A multivariable generalized estimating equation model was used to assess associations between contaminated environmental sites and colonized broiler flocks. The associations were adjusted for confounders and other known risk factors. To further assess temporality of contamination, the sequence of contamination of the different environmental sites and the flocks was established. Contaminated shed entrances and anterooms, contaminated drinkers and shedding ofCampylobacterby other animals such as cattle, dogs, wildlife and rodents were significantly associated with positive flocks. The reservoir of ‘other animals’ was also the reservoir most commonly positive before the flock became colonized. The other sites usually became contaminated after the flock was colonized.

scholarly journals The Effect of Changes in Family Developmental Stage According to Child Independence on the Incidence of Depression in South Korean Middle-Aged Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Lee ◽  
Seung Wan Hong ◽  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Sung Suh ◽  
Jeong Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Family ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Background: The incidence of depression in middle-aged adults is increasing and has been affected by physiological changes and various sociodemographic factors. The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between depression and changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence in South Korean middle-aged adults living with children.Methods: This study included 1,593 people in the age group of 45-64 years who participated in the first survey of the Korean longitudinal study of aging in 2006. Participants did not have depression, lived with unmarried children, and responded to Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10 scale and child-related questions in the 7th survey (2018). The chi-squared test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare differences in depression according to general characteristics and family developmental stage. The generalized estimating equation model was used to longitudinally examine the effect of changes in the family developmental stage on the incidence of depression from the 1st to the 7th survey.Results: Changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence have a significant effect on the incidence of depression in middle-aged adults (P=0.000). In addition, in the generalized estimating equation model, the longitudinal association between changes in the family developmental stage and the incidence of depression was confirmed.Conclusions: Therefore, confirming the independence of children as an important factor is essential in the management of depression in middle-aged adults.

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