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Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Mazhar Islam ◽  
Muhammad Zada ◽  
Afraseyab Khattak ◽  
Rezwan Ullah ◽  
...  

Decision making is an essentially social process adopted by individuals or groups to identify and choose the best choice among several alternatives. Decision-making choices are influenced by the preferences, values, and beliefs of the individuals or groups involved in the decision-making process. This study was conducted to analyze the social inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the context of their participation in decision making. The study area consisted of 8028 PWDs registered with the government of Pakistan, from which a sample of 488 PWDs was selected through a multistage stratified random sampling technique. These PWDs included physically disabled, blind, crippled, and deaf persons; however, the data were collected from those who were able to be interviewed. Chi-square and Kendall’s Tau-b tests were used to determine the strength, level, and direction of association among variables. At the multivariate level, the study found a spurious relation between social inclusion and participation in decision making when controlling for gender, monthly family income, and level of disability of the PWDs. The results highlighted that participation in decision making improved the social inclusion of male and moderately disabled PWDs more positively. However, participation in decision making was a universal feature explaining the social inclusion of PWDs irrespective of their monthly family income. The logistic regression model explained that the social inclusion of PWDs was more likely to occur when PWDs were married, had high monthly family income (PKR 16,500 and above), belonged to a joint family, and actively participated in decision making. The study recommends that ensuring the participation of PWDs in decision making in family, community, school, and other relevant institutions ultimately enhances their social inclusion.


Author(s):  
Mir Uzma Ashraf ◽  
Priyanka Chaudhary

Background: Raising a mentally challenged child is a challenging and exhausting task. Families can easily become overwhelmed by the process of finding and funding appropriate services. They are faced with the stress of continually witnessing their loved one's struggles to complete everyday tasks, social interactions and education. They must live with the knowledge that there is no end to these struggles.Methods: The study was descriptive study to assess the degree of depression. 200 parents of mentally challenged children in different special educational institutions of Jammu and Kashmir were chosen by convenient sampling method and data was collected with the help of questionnaire (modified becks depression inventory II).Results: Findings of the study revealed that majority 9 (4.5%) were normal ,63(31.5%) had mild depression, 92 (46%) parents had moderate depression and 36 (18%) of parents had severe depression. Significant association was found between relationship with child (p<0.005), religion (p<0.001), education (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.00), monthly family income (p<0.000) and the degree of depression among parents of mentally challenged children.Conclusions: This study revealed that majority of the parents of mentally challenged children were having moderate depression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Doreen Macherera Mukona ◽  
Maxwell Mhlanga ◽  
Mathilda Zvinavashe

Background/aims Vaginal candidiasis is commonly experienced by women with diabetes, but its prevalence is not well documented in Zimbabwe. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and factors associated with diabetic treatment adherence in pregnant women with diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on a consecutive sample of 157 participants from a central hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. A structured questionnaire and physical examination of the perineum were used to collect data. All procedures were conducted in privacy. Diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis was made clinically. Data were analysed using the Chi-squared test, with P<0.05 being significant. Results The prevalence of vaginal candidiasis was 19.7%. There was a significant association between monthly family income (P=0.041), parity (P=0.029) and number of living children (P=0.049) and the presence of vaginal candidiasis. Women with poor adherence to diabetic therapy were 3.95 times more likely to have vaginal candidiasis (P=0.002). Conclusions Individualised health education on glycaemic control and good perineal hygiene remains key in the prevention of vaginal candidiasis among diabetic pregnant women.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Fatimah Albaeejan ◽  
Doaa Bakhashwain ◽  
Alanoud Alsubaie ◽  
Azza Tageldin ◽  
Muhammad Nazir ◽  
...  

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the utilization of fissure sealants and their influence on caries reduction in first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6-9 years old female schoolchildren in Dammam, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: First to fourth grade female children from public schools in Dammam participated in this cross-sectional study. Dental caries and fissure sealants in FPMs were examined clinically using the World Health Organization guidelines. In addition, the parents of the participants responded to a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The study analyzed the data of 449 children. Almost 44.3% of the participants had at least one FPM affected with caries. There were 8.7% of the participants who had fissure sealants in at least one FPM, and out of these, only 2.2% had four FPMs filled with sealants. A significantly greater proportion of participants with sealed FPMs had no caries than the lower proportion of participants without sealants who had caries (P=<0.05). The use of sealants increased significantly from first grade (10.3%) to second grade (30.8%), third grade (38.5%), and fourth grade (20.5%) (P=0.006). High monthly family income (P= 0.047) and having insurance (P=0.017) were significantly associated with increased sealant application. Nearly 21.9% of participants’ parents were aware of caries protective effects of dental sealants. Conclusion: The application of sealants was significantly associated with reduced caries in FPMs. Class year, monthly family income, and insurance were significantly associated with having sealants. Caries prevention programs for children should incorporate sealant application.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Rashed Md Mahbuber Rahman ◽  
Ilyana Jalaluddin ◽  
Zalina Mohd Kasim ◽  
Ramiza Darmi

Affective variables such as attitude, autonomy, motivation, self-esteem, and anxiety are crucial among the factors that contribute to learning a second/foreign language. Among them, one of the most important factors in inspiring learners to learn a language is their attitudes towards learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive, emotional as well as behavioral attitudes of Bangladeshi Aliya madrasah students towards learning English. The study also explored the differences in their attitudes towards learning English based on demographic profiles, that is, their gender, their parents’ monthly family income, and their parents’ education level. Data were obtained via questionnaire surveys and they were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, independent T-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results revealed that the participants demonstrated highly positive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral attitudes towards learning English. The analysis also showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the students’ attitudes towards learning English based on their parents’ monthly family income and their parents’ education level. However, the results presented no significant difference in the students’ attitudes towards learning English in relation to gender. This finding may help teachers to improve their classroom preparation by understanding their students’ attitudes better and making the learning activities easier for them. Moreover, it may inform the students’ attitudes to the authorities and policymakers responsible for devising policy for madrasah education, planning curriculum and designing materials for the madrasah students.


Author(s):  
Kumar Ajith K.

Background: The women domestic workers are neglected class of unorganized sector, although many social security measures and wage guarantee legislations are enacted, yet the working conditions and socio-economic status of women domestic workers are still in malady. The onset of covid-19 pandemic towards end of 2019 made matter highly worse for women domestic workers, by making them jobless and restrict to stay home finding hard to meet both ends. Many of these women are infected by covid-19 and several died of insufficient treatment and poor health conditions. The treatment charges in private hospitals for covid-19 is too high to afford by daily earning women domestic workers. Even after Kerala government put a cap to various covid treatment costs in private hospitals, the second wave of covid-19 witnessed filling up of government hospitals with patients and many of the people are forced to rely on private hospitals to save life. It is high time to think the insufficient economic and health schemes of women domestic workers and provide a comprehensive multi-faceted developmental policy toadopt by government. Objectives: The primary objective of the study is to analyze the covid-19 treatment affordability of women domestic workers in private hospital in association with their monthly family income. Methods/Statistical operations: The study is conducted in Palakkad district of Kerala state. The sampling technique adopted is simple random method from different age group of women domestic workers. A total of 150 women domestic workers is identified and tool used for survey is structured interview according to the convenience of the respondents. Findings: The study found that the covid- 19 treatment charges fixed by government is still unaffordable to majority of income range groups and only 5 percent have monthly family income to afford thefive-daygeneral ward treatment charges with normal medicines in private hospitals.


Author(s):  
Pushpa . ◽  
Raj Rani ◽  
Mamta Nebhinani

Background: Thalassemia is a blood disorder characterized by the reduction or absence in the synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin. Nearly 10% of children suffering from Thalassemia are being registered as new cases every year in Rajasthan. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, burden and coping strategies among caregivers of thalassemic children.Methods: Data were collected from 150 caregivers of thalassemic children selected by purposive sampling technique at Umaid hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Data collection tool included self-structured knowledge questionnaire, Burden scale and Structured Brief COPE scale.Results: Equal numbers 36% and 35.33% of caregivers were having poor and good level of knowledge respectively, knowledge levels of the subjects were found to have significant association with monthly family income (p value=0.000), education (p value=0.007) and place of living (p value=0.000). 74.3% of caregivers reported moderate level of burden. Burden levels of the subjects were found to have significant association with Monthly family income (p value=0.000), and place of living (p value=0.000). Adaptive coping strategies were more evident as compare to maladaptive strategies. Conclusions: Knowledge was significantly lacking regarding diet management, benefits of exercise, role of iron chelation therapy etc. Continuous care of children put caregivers under moderate level of burden. There is great need to plan, implement health awareness programme for these caregivers. 


Author(s):  
Mark Steve Alentajan Francisco ◽  
Dolorcita Ebona Pauya ◽  
Cristobal Millenes Ambayon

This study generally aimed to determine the level of cultural practices and academic performance of the Blaan pupils in Sinapulan Elementary School, Sinapulan, Columbio, Sultan Kudarat. Moreover, it was intended to find out which of these practices are still prevalent. The study employed the descriptive method of research. The researchers utilized a self-formulated survey questionnaire which was validated and approved by a panel of experts. The same underwent tests of validity and reliability. The statistical tools utilized in the study were mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and correlation. Majority of the respondents were males, whose parents were elementary graduates. The extent of cultural practices as perceived by Blaan pupils was Highly Evident. Their level of academic performance was Satisfactory. There was a significant relationship between the pupils’ extent of cultural practices and their academic performance. There were no significant differences in their academic performances as to gender, age, parents’ educational attainment and monthly family income.


Bionorte ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Júlia de Almeida Nunes Murta ◽  
Fernanda Prado Jorge ◽  
Pollyana Cecília de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Hannah Barbosa Lopes dos Anjos ◽  
Denise Neves Ladeia ◽  
...  

Objective:check the signals and symptoms of voice disorders of Community Health Workers in the city of Montes Claros -Minas Gerais. Materialsand Methods:this was a cross-sectional and quantitative study. We applied a questionnaire which included questions about the profile of the population, voice aspects based on the Voice Disorder Screening Index, as well as the perception of the populationconcerning the use of their voice in daily life. Results:around 674 people took part in the study. 62.1% of respondents were young adults, and 83.8% were female. The vast majority were married, with high school education and a monthly family income of approximately two minimum wages. More than half of the respondents (56.5%) have been employed for less than five years and they are responsible for less than 120 families. About 70.5% possess signs and symptoms of vocal alterations, the most cited being dry throat, throat clearing, tiredness when speaking, and hoarseness. Regarding the daily use of their voice, 50.1% reported they spoke a lot. Conclusion:the present study showed a high prevalence of vocal complaints among participants, calling attention to the need to develop plans for the prevention and treatment of vocal disorders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Abu Rashed Md. Mahbuber Rahman ◽  
Ilyana Jalaluddin ◽  
Zalina Mohd Kasim ◽  
Ramiza Darmi

The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors and level of motivation for learning English among Aliya madrasah students in Bangladesh. The study also explored to find out the differences in students’ motivation for learning English as L2 based on the gender of the students, parents’ education level, and monthly family income of their parents. The data for this study was collected via a questionnaire survey among 300 participants selected through a simple random method from six Aliya madrasahs. The Adapted Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) questionnaire of Gardner (1985, 2004) was employed in this study. The data for this study was analysed quantitatively such as descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test, and one-way ANOVA using (SPSS) version 25 as a statistical tool. The results showed that most of the students were instrumentally motivated for learning English than integrative motivation and their motivation level was high. The analysis also showed that there was a statistically significant difference in their motivation for learning English based on their parents' monthly family income, and their parents' education level. However, the result revealed no significant difference in their motivation for learning English with regard to gender. On the basis of the results, the implications were discussed concerning students’ motivation for learning English


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